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|-—' THE 'Pho.xe.
BE- 3GEND POLICE COURT. I Satu- May 22nd.-Before: Colonel J. I. D. chcll (in the chair), Messrs. J. I T. E. Hopkins, and G. Jeanes. DRUNK. I For having been drunk the following were fined :-William Thomas, mason, Kenfig Hill, 20s.; David Jones, collier, Albany-road, Pon- tycymmer, 15s. DRUNK AND DISORDERLY. I ? I For having been drunk and disorderly Catherine Henshaw, widow, Caerau, was fined 25s. Others dealt with were:-Thomas Redmond, labourer, Bridgend, fined 15s.; Daniel Fisher, collier, Ogmore Vale. 15s.; Joseph James, collier, Ogmore Vale, 15s. IN CHARGE OF A HORSE. Thomas Jones, butcher, Aberkenhg, was fined 20s. for having been drunk in charge of a horse. INDECENT LANGUAGE. The use of indecent language led to fines being imposed on Lewis Llewellyn, labourer, Pricetown, 15s; Walter Jones, labourer, Brid- gend, 15s; Robert Houghton, oollier, Brynna, 15s. Richard Warner, gardener, Bridgend, 15s. SUNDAY TRADERS. The following Sunday traders were deaJt with:—Margaret Rea, shop assistant, Aber- kenfig, 5s. and 5s. costs; Vittoreo Lusardi, shopkeeper, Aberkenfig, 5s.; Ernest Sidoli, shopkeeper, Aberkenfig, 5s. and 5s. costs; Antonio Belli, shopkeeper, Maes teg, 5s. and 5s. costs; John Moruzzi, shop assistant, Maesteg, 5s. and 5s. costs; Joseph Brignoli, shopkeeper, Maesteg, 5s. and 5s. costs; Stanesate Esposito, shop assistant, Nanty- ffyllon, 5s. and 5s. costs; Angeli Franchi, shopkeeper, Bridgend, 5s. and 5s. costs; Louis Sidoli, shopkeeper, Kenfig Hill, 5s. and 5s. costs; Lena Brignoli, shopkeeper, Nanty- ffyllon, 5s. and 5s. oosts. EDUCATIONAL. I The following were dealt with for having failed to send their children regularly to school Charles Chubb, Elm Street, Gilfach Goch, fined 15s.; Mary Ann Chadwick, Thomas St., Gilfach Goch, fined lOs. in one and ordered to attend in two other cases; James West- lake, Penybryn Street, Gilfach Goch, 10s.; Annie Acreman, Thomas Street, Gilfach Goch, 10s. COLLIERY CASES. I Edward Whittaker, roadman, Wesley St., Caerau, summoned for having carried up tim- ber in the cage at Caerau Colliery, did not appear, and a warrant was issued for his at- tendance. William Williams, collier, Tonna Road, Caerau, was summoned for having stolen coal value 9d., the property of North's Navigation Collieries Co. Defendant did not appear, and a warrant was issued. George Brown, haulier, Park Street, Maes- teg, was charged with having stolen one pit prop, valued at Is., the property of Messrs. North's Navigation Collieries Co. Fined 10s. James Evans, collier, Nantymoel, was charged with having stolen timber, value Is., the property of the Ocean Colliery Co., Ltd. P.S. 487 said at 4.30 p.m. on Monday he saw defendant with two pit props, the pro- perty of the Company. Defendant said he had run short of firewood. Defendant was fined 20s., or 14 davs in de- fault. POXTYCYMMER PUBLICAN SUMMONED I Morgan Weeks, Squirrel Hotel, Pontycym- mer, was1 summoned by the Ogmore and Garw Council for having allowed a nuisance to exist on his premises. The case was adjourned, it being stated that defendant had commenced work to re- medy the alleged nuisance complained of. NO APPEARANCE. I Rosina Calcaqni, Ogmore Vale, summoned David Terrington, collier, Water Street, Og- more Vale, for assault. Neither party appeared. BRIDGEXD CASE ADJOURNED. I Charles Willis, painter, Tondu Road, Brid- gend, summoned David John James, Park Street, Bridgend, for assault. The summons was adjourned for a week. ALLEGED THEFT AT OGMORE VALE. I Alwyn Morris, colliery clerk, John Street, Ogmore Vale, and David Joseph Morris, store keeper, were summoned for having, it was alleged, stolen a quantity of coal, value 20s., the property of the Lewis-Merthyr Collieries. The case was adjourned for a week. ARREARS. I Elizabeth Jones, The Avenue, Pontycym- n.er, summoned her husband, John Jones, New School Terrace, Blaengarw, for £4 10s. arrears due to her on a maintenance order. Defendant was ordered to pay £2 that day, nrd Ll per week until the arrears were chared off. ABSENTEES. I At Bridgend Police Court on Tuesday (before Mr. D. H. Lloyd), Gunner Albert Funiiell, of the R.G.A., stationed at Fort Carlisle, Queenstown, and Private George Walter Davies, of the S. W. Borderers, sta- tioned at Inkerno, Notts Hill, Wokinrpwere both remanded to await an escort on the charge of having been absentees from their respective regiments from the 13th May.
BE- 3GEND POLICE COURT. I
LETTER FROM LLANTWIT MAJOR MAN. I Mr. Alfred Thomas, a native of Llantwit Major, and a son of Mr. Richard Thomas, who now livea at Bridgend, writing from the front, where he is now with the Canadians with his brother, Sydney, the old Llantwit and Bridgend Rugby football full back, says: It's little hell out here, but we are beating the devils, and got them weighed up. I hope my luck will last. We have had severe casualties, so had "Mr. German." A piece of shell hit my rifle clean out of my hand, but my escape was nothing to compare with Sydney's escape (Sydney was reported killed, but we are glad to learn that the report was un- founded). His mates told me it was as fol- lows A party of them were in their dug-out. Syd went to get some biscuits. The distance was but a few yards. A shell, during his absence, fell on the dug-out, and when he re- turned it had blown his comrades to atoms. Near shave, was it not? I cannot see him; be is in a trench two miles away. The can- nons roar night and day. I sometimes think it's a dream, but it's too real. Out of 13 that slept in my hut on Salisbury Plain, I am the only survivor to-day. My pals are all killed or wounded. I am pretty strong, but the tears come to my eyes when I think of my brave pals. I would give my life twenty times if it was possible, so would any man, if lie knew how the enemy have treated our feHow Canadians. I should like to give you more particulars, but the authorities will not allow that."
LETTER FROM LLANTWIT MAJOR…
Private A. Tucker, of Swansea, a member of the 1st Welsh, has been promoted onothe neld to the rank of full corporal, for a gallant act in action. Under terrible artillery fire he brought a wounded comrade into the cover of the trenches. Before enlisting he was ice fore- man at the Swansea fish wharves.
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HISTORY OF THE VALE. I LLANTRITHYD VILLAGE AND PARISH. I THE HISTORIC PARISH CHURCH OF I ST. ILLTYD. INTERESTING ANCIENT MONUMENTS, I ETC. (ARTICLE II.) I (By Mr. T. M. PRICE, Late of Boverton). I The ancient Parish Church of St. Illtyd, Llantrithyd, which is one of the oldest and most notable in the Vale of Glamorgan, is well worthy of observation and study, and full of much interest to the antiquary, his- torian, and lover of old buildings. The in- teresting historic old church is in strict har- mony with the past. It is a relic of the old times and the old people, who have gone be- fore us, forming a portion of a picturesque, sublime and romantic scene, which should be venerated with the numerous and ancient tombs and monuments that adorn the in- terior of the church and the pretty old grave- yard, with its venerable old trees. As the ancient and stately ornate cathedrals repre- sent to us our Church in its national and uni- versal aspect, so the venerable old Parish Churches of our land impress upon us its pervading influence, its spirit of indepen- dence, its power to elevate and spiritualise the daily life of the village and the home, and it is well that we should regard them with due reverence. Their very stones are hallowed to us, and through all the changes of time (a thousand years) they have pro- claimed that which changeth not. DESCRIPTION OF THE CHURCH. I The church occupies a picturesque and ele- vated site near the main highway, surroun- ded by some tall, stately trees, and near by stand the extensive old ruins of Llantrithyd Place, which lend dignity and grandeur to the scene. The church is dedicated to St. Iltutus or St. Illtyd-a. favourite and re- nowned local saint and teacher, who founded a great college and seat of learning at Llant- wit Major in the fifth century. The architec- ture is in no way remarkable. It is an an- cient building of stone, in the Norman style, consisting of chancel, nave, south porch, and an embattled western tower, containing five bells. The tower is a square structure, rather lofty, but very plainly built, with a parapet wall of slight projection on corbels, and it has a western door of good perpendicu- lar work, but there are no windows below the belfry. There was formerly an exterior stair on the south side, which led to the old min- strel gallery within the nave, which was dis- pensed with and removed many years ago. THE NORMAN ENTRANCE PORCH AND I UNIQUE WATER STOUP, ETC. The south entrance porch, which is built in the Norman style, is probably about the oldest portion of this venerable fabric, and contains a good oak rib in the roof and two solid old stone benches on either side of the porch, which are generally common at most of our ancient parish churches in Wales. The entrance door to the nave has a plain drop arch, chamfered, and on the right-hand within is a very curious-looking mural water stoup, probably Norman, which is the only A one of its kind I have yet observed in an Ang- lican Church. Above this unique water stoup are two windows, each of them contain- ing two lights, and on the left is an older lancet window trefoiled. Three of the win- dows on the opposite or north side of the church are modern, and in one of them, in stained glass, is engraved the Arms of Aubrey, Baronet, impaling Lowther. The arch leading from the nave into the chancel is equilateral and probably perpendicular. In the north wall of the chancel is an old rood loft doorway, which is now concealed by a large monument. The beam of the old rood loft remained until about 70 years ago. The oak chancel screen, bearing the Tudor flower, is in a good state of preservation. FEATURES OF THE PICTURESQUE I INTERIOR. The interior of this historic old church, which was neatly and chastely decorated and adorned with choice spring flowers during our visitation at Eastertide, is very quaint and pictuesque, with its beautiful stained-glass eastern window, and numerous ancient monu- ments and venerable memorials. Standing in silent and revent meditation within the chancel and nave of this sacred fane, we see on either side striking memorial monuments of by-gone worthies who have long since passed away into oblivion, representing heral- dry, wealth, pomp, and power and sacred fame, which recalled to my memory the well- known lines in Gray's famous "Elegy," written in a village churchyard, which run thus:— "The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power, And all that beauty, all that wealth e'er gave, Await alike the inevitable hour :— The paths of glory lead but to the grave." On the south side of this chancel arch is a rather small lancet niche, very probably a shrine. The church font is ancient but of rather a poor design of a late Italian pattern, resting upon a much older base. The old roof of the church originally had oak ribs, with bosses, with the intermediate spaces plastered up, but it has been renovated and restored, according to the original plan of the older fabric. In the north wall of the church is a low drop sepulchral arch, about 4ft. long, having a concave chamber, and immediately below is a recumbent figure, probably a female, with its feet resting on a greyhound and its head beneath a trefoiled canopy. It appears to rest upon a low alter, on the edge of which is presumably a rude ball flofrer moulding, and above it is a band of Tudor-like flowers, with a greyhound in the centre. The whole of this monument, though of rather rude work- manship and much obscured, may be pro- nounced to be of the decorated or Tudor period. I THE CHANCEL AND COMMUNION PLATE. The chancel bears date 1656, and was most probably wholly rebuilt at that period. The stained glass eastern chancel window was pre- sented in 1875 by "Aubrey Aubrey, Esq." An old church record, dated 26th June, 1637, states that Sir Thomas Aubrey, Llan- trithyd Place, "gave to his Parish Church a silver gilt cup and cover for the communion, with power to exchange it for one of another fashion when desirable." A REMARKABLE ALTAR TOMB. I There are several interesting memorial stones and monuments in the chancel, on a particulary ifne, unique and remarkable altar tomb, set against the north wall of the chancel, with a heavy mural appendage, bear- ing coasts of arms and inscriptions. On the altar of this fine, handsome monument are the two life-sized recumbent effigies of An- thony Mansell and his lady, resting in majes- tic repose. He is in full armour, and on the panelled sides of the tomb are the carved figures of their children in high relief kneel- ing., The whole, with its enclosing railing, ? ? ? was thoroug l'y restored, ana re-pumtca ill colours by the late Rev.' J. M. Treharne, Coedriglan Park, St. Nicholas, during the earlier part of the 19th century. The in- scription reads as follows, in very old print: Here lyetfy the bodyes of John Bassett, Esquier, and Elizabeth, his wife, daughter to Andrew Norton, of Bristow, Esquier, who had issue by Elizabeth, his wife, an only daughter named Elizabeth, married to An- thony Mansell, Esq., second sonne to Rice Mansell, of Margam (Knight), all of whose four bodyes are here entombed, which An- thony had issue by the sayd Elizabeth three sonnes, fower daughters, of all which two daughters survive. The elder daughter mar- ryed to Thomas Aubrey, Esq., the younger marryed to Rawley Bussye, Esquier. He died Anno Domini 1544, aged 44. She died Anno Dom. 1596 aged 84 years. Elizabeth Mansel made this in 1597. A.M. 66.. l.M. 64." This remarkable and handsome monument is still in an excellent state of preservation. An ancient helmet, said to have been actually worn by "John Bassett, Esq. is also pre- served here. It is hung up above the altar tomb just referred to. ANCIENT MEMORIAL STONES IN I CHANCEL. There are several ancient flat stones within the communion rails over the Aubrey family vault, with more or less defaced quaint in- scriptions, which read thus :— ————— his wife, daughter of John Bassett, deceased, aged 48; 1557." Round a cross "Pray for the soul." 1573. "Here lieth in grace the body of Rice Havard." Dated 1580 or 1680. Round a cross, dated 1586: "God hath his soul to his mercy in grave the body of John Bassett." And also round a cross: "Here lyeth in grave the wife of John Bassett." Another cross bears the following inscrip- tion:—"Pray for the soul of Blanche Aubrey. 1588." And again: "Pray for the soul of Willeford Aubrey. 1594." Also: "Pray for the soul of Rice Mansel"; with the arms of Mansel impaling Bassett. On some mural stone slabs within the altar rail are inscribed in old print the names of Elizabeth Aubrey, 1567; Edward Aubrey, 1573; Mary Aubrey, 1570; Ann, 1570; Ryoe, 1583; William, 1573; and Cissil. MONUMENTS TO FORMER RECTORS OF I THE PARISH IN CHANCEL A tablet is erected to the memory of the Rev. Nehemiah Hopkins, B.D., Rector and Prebendiary of Llandaff Cathedral, who died March 23rd, 1790, aged 82; and his wife, Mary, who died Feb. 29th, 1770. Also the Rev. George Williams, Rector and J.P. for Glamorgan, who died December 21st. 1815, aged 50; also Sarah, his wife, who died at Hammersmith, London, 16th April, 1853, aged 94 years, who was buried in the church- yard. This monument was placed here by Thomas illiams their youngest surviving son. Also the Rev. Roper Trevor Tyler, M.A., Rector, the father of Major-General Trevor Bruce Tyler, J.P., Llantrithyd, who died February 19th, 1885, aged 83 years, who was Rector of Llantrithyd Parish for 47 years; also Isabel, wife of the Rev. Roper Trevor Tyler, M.A., who died Feb. 4th, 1859. MONUMENTS AND MEMORIAL TABLETS I IN THE NAVE. The nave of the church also contains a num- ber of interesting monuments of ancient date. In the nave at the west end of the church is a large escutcheon or monumental shield of "Aubrey," with a crescent codency quarter- ing "Blethyn Ap Maenarch," and impaling Mansel, who quarters Basset. On the south wall of the church is another artistic monu- ment, representing Aubrey, with a crescent on the arms and crest. It is interesting to note that these two escutcheons, which are in veined marble, were removed from Llan- trithyd Place in the early part of the last century after the Aubrey family had deserted the old mansion. There are several memorial monuments on both side walls of the nave of the church, surmounted by the Arms of Aubrey. On the south wall is a large monument, surmounted by the Arms of Aubrey, impaling on the right (Lowther) and on the left (Lewis) of The Van, Caerphilly, and bearing the following inscrip- tions :-Here lies the body of Sir John Aub- rey, Bart., ye son of Sir Thomas Aubrey, Knight, who took to his first wife Margaret ye daughter of Sir John Louther (now spelt Lowther) of Lowther Hall, in ye County of Westmoreland, Bart., by whom he had one son, and to his second wife, Mary, ye daugh- ter of Sir William Lewis, Esq., of The Van, Caerphilly, and relict of William Jephson, Esq., who brought a very fair inheritance into this family. What ho was those who conversed with him best knew. He died September 15th, 1700, in the 50th year of his age. Another tablet bears the names of Sir Thomas Aubrey, Bart., and Dame Marthu (nee Carter) his wife. On the north wall of the nave is a monu- ment, erected to Frances Aubrey, wife of Colonel Richard Aubrey, Esq., of Ash Hall, near Cowbridge.. She was the second daugh- ter of the Hon. Winotherly Digby, L.L.D., of Meredon, in the County of Warwick, and grand-daughter of Lord Digby, who died 12th October, „ 1782, in the 34th year of her age, and was buried in the Aubrey family vault. The quaint epitaph is as followsLearn to live as she lived and then you need not be afraid to die. On the same wall is a tablet, erected bo the memory of John Watkins, who died 13th June, 1886, aged 78 years. He was 52 years a faithful servant to the Rev. Roper Trevor Tyler, M.A., Rector of Llantrithyd. He survived his master one year end four months. Also of Richard Mumford, who died March 20th, 1803, aged 76. In 4stimony of his firm attachment to Sir John Aubrey, Bart., and his family, whom he zealously and faithfully served in the capacity of Estate Steward a long series of years, Sir John Aubrey, Bart., erected this monument to his memory. • Beneath the ancient font is buried Elinor, wife of John Edmondes, Esq., who died 26th March, 1720, aged 40 years. Also Jape, their daughter, died 10th Feb- ruary, 1725, aged 12, and Frances, daughter of Thomas Edmondes (Gent) who died 15th March, 1744; aged four months. On the south wall of nave, to the left of south entrance door, is a fine marble memorial tablet, erected to the memory of the late George Eaton Tutton, for thirty years master of Llantrithyd School. This tablet was er- ected by those who were under his tuition, as a slight tribute to his great ability, and a sincere token of their respect and apprecia- tion of the ennobling and enduring influence which he exercised on their lives. This monu- ment was erected September, 1911. It is interesting to note that this memorial was erected by voluntary subscribers who were his former pupils at school. Amongst the chief promoters were two of his old scholars, namely, Mr T. P. Thomas, J.P., Dinas Powis, and Mr. John David, auctioneer, Cowbridge. (TO BE CONTINUED).
HISTORY OF THE VALE. I
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D LI BcsSM A. kv I IN G AT HO MEL j BY SYLVIA, I A Oirl's Useful School-Frock. I Where the school-girl is concerned the ng-waist.ed style of frock is about the most comfortable, as well as the most popular, and a very good example is sketched for you in N o. 1,887. In this case fhe long blouse-like bodice is separate, a mode which has mary advantages, as it allows of it being worn with different skirts, and also varying the frock a little according to the state of the ele- ments. For instance, a pleated skirt of navy serge could do duty for a blouse of the same material, or a washing one if the weather bo warm. The freshening or changed touch can therefore be given without any trouble, and these are all matters to be duly appreciated just now, when economy of every kind has to be studied and practised. If, however, you pref-er a model made all in one piece. you can easily secure the kilt to r the lower edge of the wide waist-belt, making it, in this ease, fasten over in a line with the PATTERN NO. 1,887. I left edge of the centre pleat of the kilt, which I is quite easily done by extending the belt from the centre and putting a button here and one at the end. To Cut Out and Make Up. I The centre-front of the blouse must be placed selvedgeways, and due allowance must be made for turnings. The centre back is placed to .a fold, as this is seamless. The kilt will set better if cut across the material, and the centre of the pleat in front must of course come to the fold. The joins must come under the pleats, so as not to show. When cut out take the blouse first in hand. Turn in and stitch the hems of the front, press, and sew on the necessary fastening, either hooks and eyes or press studs. The former should be of the hump" order, or be reversed, if they are to keep fastened. Next join the shoulder seams, neaten and press, then stitch up the back seam of the sleeve, arrange this under the turned-up edge& of the armhoie, with the front seam at the notch marked for this, and stitch outside, as this will be much easier done on the flat than when the blouse is seamed up under the arm, which can next be done after doing that of the front of sleeve, then neaten-ed and pressed. Now make the collar, which is double, and can be faced or not, as preferred, then secured to neck and neatened inside. The cuffs can altso be faced or not, and should next be secured to the sleeves, after which the band is sewn to the fulled lower ed.ge of blouse, and faced inside with lining. For the kilt, join, hem, and press, -then arrange the pleats as sketched, tack, press, secure into a waist-band, .sew on the necessary fastenings, and finish. off. This frock will need about 1 yard of 44-ineh serge for skirt, and Ii yard for blouse. If you use print or drill you will require 2 to 2! yards of this material, as it is single width. The quantity depends on the age and height of the child, the pattern being intended for a girl of six I to eight years of age, though it can quite well be worn by an older or younger sister. A Little Boy's Combination. I Now that the knickers suit is being revived again for small boys' wear, care is needed that he is duly protected at the chest and abdomem, just where he is so rery susceptible to cold. This does not seem quite the case with his sister whether small or grown up, as she can'apparently bare her neck and t PATTERN No. 1,888. j chest with impunity. So though the garment I in No. 1,888 can be worn by the small girl as well as the small boy, it is intended for the more susceptible frame of the latter, and will, I think, be much appreciated by careful mothers. In the first place, only one button and button-hole fastening is required, the exten- sion of the front not only giving double warmth to. the parts of the body most requir- ing them, but when tied round the vraist at back ke-ep the garment secure, and form, a little abdominal belt. The method of fasten- ing the right side through a slot left in the under-arm seam is clearly shown in the sketch, whilst the outline of the front is indi- cated by broken lines. I have, however, only put them to show you the shape of the under- front, as the upper one is, of'course, quite plain. To Make. I The edges of the front and back, also thE I slot and neck, should bo neatened and strengthened by tape, as there is a certain amount of pull" here. Those of the slot should have the top and bottom mitred or folded over, in order to strengthen the ends, which, as they are easily split by the constant passing through of the end, should be further strengthened by a buttonholed bnr" at top and bottom. It should be a trifle deeper than the tab. The seams of side, back, and. lower legs also sleeves, are seamed up by mean-s ol running and herring-boning, and the lowel ed'ges are hemmed, the making being quite ar easy matter. As the small sketch shows, yor can make the sleeves shorter if you wish, whilst the wrap arrangement, at the back must be securely fastened by stitching at the waist. About It yard of flannel will be needed, and if necessary yeu can join the tabe to make them long enough.
D LI BcsSM A. kv I IN G AT…
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Mr. Digby Smith, an assistant JDaSt;611 under the Barry Education Committee, has left Folkestone for France. A week ago Mr. Smith, who is an enthusiastio member of the Barry Red Cross Society, offered his ser- vices, which were accepted. I
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COUNTRY WEhlv BY WEEK. I A WONDERTRL FLY. I This is the time of year when the May ftj I dances its brief and wonderful dance over the water. It is one of the most beautiful of all insects which occur in this country, and one of the most astonishing examples of Nature's seeming prodigality. We do not have to study Nature long before we find that one great t purpose animates her-the preservation or perpetuation of species. Long and elaborat-e preparations are made for this end, and once it is achieved it does not see. to matter what becomes of the previous generation. Some species of May fly live in the larval state for two or three years. r.nd even after they have reached the nymph stage continue to undergo a number of further moults until the lovely winged fly results. Yet the lifetime of this perfect insect, which has taken so long to be evolved, is all over in a day or two. On one evening there are swarms of the gorgeous creatures dancing. Twenty-four hours later there may not be a single survivor to be found for miles round. There are about 300 species of May flies found in various parts of the world, and' they are the only insects n which a moult in a winged state is ever known to occur. Another remarkable thing about them is that they have developed digestive ar- rangements, yet they are totally unable to 1. First stage of larva. 2. The nymph. 3. The "Grn Drake." 4. The perfect fly. I MAYFLY. obtain food of any description, for the simple and sufficient reason that they have no mouth. The life-story of the Mayfly can be simply told. The female, a larger and altogether more sturdy insect, makes her way to a stream, wliere a dance of the males is in pro- gress. She at once becomes the object of an exciting chase until at last the quickest and most agile male seizes her. Very soon after- wards she goes down to the water and starts to lay her eggs. This is the time of their life for fish of all kinds, which look upon the May fly as the most desirable of all morsels, and at once a prodigious slaughter begins, just as in ihe air birds and bats 0 are taking terrible toll of the dancing males. But in spite of enemies above and below, large numbers of eggs are deposited in the Crater each year. Some of them live in ponds, others in fast streams. The larvae themselves a.re attacked. by a good many enemies, and have developed various means of protection, such as covering themselves with mud. After numerous moults, in which the wings are gradually developed, the time comes for the great riso, and thousands or millions of them make their way to the surface, where, after moulting, they escape into the air. Even then, the final moul-t has still to he made. Be- fore the moult, the insect is what scientists call the "sub-imago," and what anglers call the green drake. I AN EQUAL PLANT. A very curious plant worth searching for at the present time is the Herb Paris. It is rathe4r local in its occurrence, and could not be called common anywhere; but it may be met with in many a damp, shady wood in various parts of the country, and once it is seen there is no possibility of mistaking its identity. Its name, Paris, has nothing what- ever to do with the French capital, nor with any mythical personage, but refers to the re- markable habit of the plant in bearing all its parts in equal numbers. The most usual number is four, as shown in the piant illustrated; but specimens may usually be found without any difficulty in which the parts go in threes, fives, and even as many as sevens. The plant is a perennial, springing from a stout rhizome, and com- posed of one erect stem only. There is no other foliage than the large whorl of net- veined leaves. These are a rich green in colour, egg shaped, and with an abrupt point. The veining, which is strongly marked, is a. very interesting characteristic, because this is one of the few plants of the monocotyle- donous class which have not parallel veins. From the centre of this whorl the single- flower stem is borne. The somewhat spider- like flower is yellowish-green in colour, and half of the parts which make up the peri- anth are comparatively large and broad, while the others, which alternate with them,- are sma.Iler and very narrow, as well as usu- ally of a paler tint. Once the flower has HERB PARIS (PARIS QCADRIFOLIA). I opened these all become reflexed. The stamens agree in number with these parts of the perianth, and are curiously shaped, in that the anthers are at the centre' instead of at the tip, as in most flowers. The tip is a long appendage, which has no function that I am aware of; possibly at some distant period the anthers extended as far as the tips of these appendages; but as pollen production is only needed towards the centre of the bloom, the outer parts atrophied. The flower is followed by a single bleck, globular berry, not unlike a large black currant. If it is cut open it will be found to carry out consistently the number favoured by the plant, as the number of the chambers or cells of the fruit correspond with the num- ber of the leaves and parts of the flower. The plant varies from 6in. to 1ft. in height. Be- sides the name of Herb Paris, it is called in some distriots the True Love, or Trne Love Knot, which the whorl of leaves is supposed to resemble. THE MOLE AS INSECT KILLER. I The Zoological Department of the Univer- sity College of North Wales has been making careful investigation as to the dietary of the common mole. An examination of the stomach contents of a large number of speci- mens made it clear that whilst the menu of the mole is a long one, earthworms and-in the mole examined—leather-jackets are to be looked upon as the staple articles of diet. Centipedes came next, then wireworms. It is estimated that the moles in question con- sumed twenty leather-jackets on the average a day; that is to say, in the course of six months a single mole would account for 3,650 leather-jackets! COUNTRYMAN. I
COUNTRY WEhlv BY WEEK. I
-_& Correspondence it iaviterf in conntetion with this coiuma; letters ahottld be addreMed Country- man," care of the Editor. A stamped addresse d Inelope mast be enclosed with all requests for informjition in case the author has not opaes to taswer them in print. pap—mm The Germans as Chemists Have introduced some remarkable synthetic medicines, but in pharmacy England is not be- hind hand. Amongst British remedies none surpass Kernick's Vegetable Pills Miraculous qualities are not claimed for them, but sufferers from Wind, Dyspepsia, Liver Troubles, Bad Skin, etc., will find them invalu- able. Ask for Kernick's Vegetable Pills, and see that you get them. Sold in 7 £ d., 13id,, and 2s. 9d. boxes of any Chemist. Boots, etc, 5021
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SHORT STORY, I I LOVE'S COMING. J If a loving countenance, bea.ming with good humour and intellect, and exact symmetry of figure constitute beauty, then Jennie Selby was beautiful. Jennie was in her nineteenth year, when one summer afternoon her father drove up to the house, icconipanied by a gentleman whom he introduced as Mr. Lamberson. On beholding the stranger, a cold thrill, which she could neither account for nor sup- press, crept over her heart. On retiring to dress, -he chided herself for the folly, and endeavoured by ner attention to her father's guest during the even- ing to atone for what might have appeared to him the coldness of his first reception. Reynold Lamberson had spent the best part of twenty years in one of the West India Islands, where he had patiently and indefatigably worked his way to the summit of affluence. At the time we introduce him he might have been forty-five years of age, but lys robust constitution appeared to have suffered little either from time or the effects of a warm climate. In person he was tall, gaunt, and remarkably ungraceful, and his face was what would have been considered as decidedly commonplace. But he had a warm heart, a kind nature, and a tala of sorrow or distress never fell upon his ear when his hand was not proffered to the stricken one, backed by his purse. I Jennie Selby could hate no one. It was not her disposition to be unkind, yet she could not avoid a feeling of uneasiness whenever Reynold Lamberson was alone with her. One day Mr. Lamberson was absent until evening, and when he returned he informed the Selbys that he had purchased an adjacent property to' their own. It was a mag- nificent place, far superior to the home of Mr. Selby. He moved into it, had a housekeeper and servants sent to him, and soon made himself at home. Never a day passed, however, that he did not visit the house of Mr. Selby. About this time Freeman Selby, Jennie's younger brother, came home from college to spend his vacation, bringing with him a friend named Perry Dana. It was no wonder that a good-looking and talented young man like Dana should captivate the heart of Jennie Selby. To say that Dana was a passionless person would not have been correct. Still, there was a certain coldness in his nature that was insensible to tho warmth of love, and though he might prove a toler- ably sympathising friend, he never could play the role of a lover. Poor Jennie Selby did not, or would not, see this. So day by day went on, and only found her more interested in her brother's friend. But there was a heavier sorrow soon to come to the Selby home, and Jennie was to feel its bitterness more deeply than any member of the family. Hbr brother had returned to college, and with Perry Dana. Not a word of love had been spoken by the young collegian during his stay, and yet he had taken moonlight walks, read poetry, and even com- posed a sonnet for Miss Selby, and at last had gone away, leaving a void in Jennie's heart that could not be easily filled. Jennie's father suddenly found himself stripped of all. the steady accumulations of an industrious life. The family would have had no home had not Reynold Lamberson stepped forward and purchased it for them from Mr. Selby's creditors. Jennie's gratitude was intense. In the first moment of her delight she imagined all was regained when that beloved spot was saved, In her ecstacy she wandered round the pleasure grounds with the ardour (,f a child. At one of these times she was standing by a favourite rose-bush, when Reynold Lamberson came. striding down the walk which led to her retreat, swinging himself along, as it were, by the vibration of his arms; his large hands, every finger of which seemed in motion, outspread as though anxious to grasp whatever might come within reach. Jennie's first impulse was to avoid him, but grati- tude towards one who had rescued her father from ruin forbade her. Her little hand was clasped in his; she looked up into his face, and as the tears sprang to her eyes she exclaimed: God bless you, Mr. Lamberson and then her head fell upon his hand, which he had grasped, and her hot tears trickled over its rugged surface. When Jennie recovered from her agitation the ungainly figure of Reynold Lamberson was kneeling before her as a suppliant for her love. It was something about the house being her own, of a large sum named and her father's only chance. It was all about money. Poor Jennie Selby had not the most remote idea of how she returned to the house. She found herself in her own chamber, weeping bitterly. Weeks rolled away, and Reynold Lamberson came not as was his custom to the house of the Selbys: but he wrote letters to Jennie that breathed a spirit of unbounded generosity. It was during this period that Jennie Selby first began to think of sacrificing herself that prosperity might fall upon the grey hairs of her parents in the evening of their life. Her eldest brother had been cl Isely connected in business with his father, and lie, too, with his wife and children, had been engulfed in the misfortune that had swept over his father's house. Reynold Lamberson was rich enough to advance him sufficient money to save him from poverty and ruin. It was no wonder, then, that all the Selby family should look with favour on the suit of one who had so opportunely come to their assistance in the day of their trouble. The struggle was severe, but the die was finally cast. Jennie informed her parents of Reynold Lamberson's offer of marriage and of her acceptance of the same. Little did her parents imagine the sacrifice that. young heart was making that thay might enjoy repose. Reynold Lamberson was sitting in his luxurious study when he received Jennie's reply to his letter. He read it without a muscle of his face moving, and when he had concluded perusing it rose, and taking his hat walked over to Mr. Selby's house. He met Jennie at the door with a sun-bonnet in her hand. "I was merely going out to cut some roses for my mother's table," she said. "I think the presence of flowers has the power to dispel a great deal of gloom, and my poor mother is so fond of them." Reynold Lamberson's face was more grave than usual, and Jennie could not fail to notice it. He replied in a voice that seemed so husky that Jennie looked up to his face in wonder. "I will go with you," he said. "I have some- thing to say to you, and I am glad that it will cccur in the open air, for I would not of choice ,peak it within doors." Jennie walked down the steps with Lamberson by her side. Her heart beat wildly; she felt there was something coming for which she was not prepared. They came to a seat by some shrubs. Lamberson pointed to it, and said: "Sit there." He did not offer to sit beside her, but stoqd with folded arms and heaving chest, looking down ere he spake. At length he said: Perhaps you have considered me ungenerous in asking you to marry me under the circumstances which have so unfortunately occurred. I am well aware that my personal appearance is not likely to aid my suit. You are beautiful. I have scarcely a claim to common good looks. But I have a heart- a heart that loves with a devotedness you little ream of. I do not expect you to love me, but if you ever become my wife, I predict that my homely face will grow brighter and better-looking to you every day you live beside me. I will win your love by kindness, and there is scarcely a heart that can long withstand a pure and unselfish devotion. Having said this, I have only one more remark to make. If you dislike me 30 much that it will give you pain to become my wife, I will hero this moment release you from your promise, and, leaving you, never 10.Jk upon your face again." Jennie Selby rose and stood beside him. Taking iiis broad hand in her own, she said: "As heaven is my witness, I will try and do my duty by you. I have no wish that you should suffer on my account. We cannot always control our feelings. You know this as well as myself. I am willing to trust to time and to yourself to work a change in my affections. This is all I can promise. Can you take me thus ? "I can," was the reply. The beautiful Je inie Selby is now the wife of Reynold Lamberson, and her parents believe their daughter is an happy as she assures them that she Is.
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The Duke of Leeds, aged 52. is, as a R.N.R. officer, patrolling the North Sea in all weathers; the Earl of Mea-th, whom I remem- ber as Captain Lord Brabazon in the County Dublin Militia years ago at the Curragh, is now drilling as a full private, next man to his butler; and Lord Dunraven, at the age of 74. is commanding his yacht, which has been taken up by the authorities as a hospital transport
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AGRICULTURAL NOTES. CROPS SUITABLE FOR REPLACING I n PURCHASED FEEDING STUFFS. I The most expensive constituents of pur- chased feeding stuffs are the albuminoids. The foods which the farmer usually grows— corn, roots and straw-are relatively poor in albuminoids, and are chiefly valuable for the carbohydrates which they contain; it is, therefore, necessary to purchase feeding stuffs rich in albuminoids, such as decorti- cated cotton cake and soy bean cake, to make good the deficiencies of home-grown crops. In view of the scarcity and high cost of most of the feeding cakes at the present time, it is desirable that farmers should endeavour to replace them, to some extent, at least, with those home-grown crops which contain most albuminoids, such as linseed, bean and peas, clover and vetch hay or silage. Linseed may be sown from mid-April to mid-May, at the rate of about li bushels, or 78 lb., per acre, and the crop should be ready for harvesting in August. If well grown a crop of 10 cwt. per acre may be expected. Crushed linseed is specially valuable in the rearing of calves, and for mixing with starchy foods in the feeding of all growing and fat- tening stock. Beans form a highly nitrogenous feeding stuff. In the rations of dairy and fattening stocks beans may largely replace cotton and linseed cakes. Beans are also most useful in feeding young growing animals and horses I engaged in heavy work. Peas.—Two species of peas are oommonly cultivated, namely, the field pea and the garden pea. There are many varieties, dif- fering in character of haulm, time of ripen- ing, and colour and form of seeds. The seeds of the field varities are generally grey or dun-coloured, and are mainly used for stock-feeding. Field peas are best grown upon light or medium soils containing a moderate percentage of lime. They may sometimes replace clover in thexotation, or they may be cultivated as a partial fallow crop or as a first crop after old ley. Three bushels per acre should be drilled in rows about a foot apart, on a well-prepared seed- bed, in February and March, and three or four hoeings are commonly required in the course of the growing season. The crop should be cut when the lower pods are be- ginning to turn brown, and left loose on the ground. It is subsequently turned over a few times until ready to be cocked, after which it is stacked and threshed with as little delay as possible. Care is required in har- vesting, as the seed is liable to be lost, especi- ally in hot and showery weather. The aver- age yield is about 32 bushels per acre. In early districts, garden varieties of peas are grown in the field for picking green for culinary purposes in the latter end of June and in early July, after which the land may be fallowed until autumn or sown with a suit- able catch crop. In later districts, or where green peas cannot be profitably marketed, the ripe seed is harvested. Crimson Clover (trifolium incarnatum) in its three varieties, early, medium and late, may be sown during August or early in Sep- tember to come in for use successively in May •, and June. The chief value of trifolium lies in the ease of its cultivation and the rapidity of its growth. It provides early grazing for stock, or a crop which can be cut for horses or cattle at a time when green food is scarce. It is best adapted for warm, loamy, and gra- velly soils in mild and early districts, and is seldom sown on cold or late land, as autumn rains and severe winter frosts injure it. Im- mediately after the corn crop is removed the surface of the ground is broken up with drag or disc harrows, so that the necessary cover- ing for the seed may be obtained without loosening the underlying soil. The seeds are t sown on the scarified surface, after which the ground is lightly harrowed and firmly rolled. It is absolutely essential that this crop should be sown on a firm and solid seed-bed. The rate of seeding varies from 15 to 25 lb. or more per acre, according to the nature of the seed-bed, the smallest quantity of seed being required where the conditions are most favourable for growth. Crimson clover is much used for filling up blanks in ordinary clover crops. It is not suitable for hay, and should never be fed to stock after flowering has ceased on account of the liability of the hairs of the mature flower-hairs to form hair balls in the intestines. Vetches may be sown in autumn for use in spring, or sown in spring for use in late summer and autumn. A proportion of wheat, rye, oats, or beans is usually sown at the same time to afford support to the vetches. On poor soils a mixture of oats and vetches usually gives a better return than oats alone. On well manured strong soils heavy crops of excellent fodder may be grown from a mixture of vetches and a ce- real, with a sprinkling of beans for support. For soiling purposes or for ensilage it is usual to drill from 2 to 3 bushels of vetches per acre along with 1 to 15 bushels of oats, wheat, or rye, or a mixture of these. When re- quired for hay a smaller proportion of vetches should be sown, as it is very desirable to pre- vent the vetches from lodging, and to grow a crop that4can be stacked quickly. A useful mixture for a vetch hay crop intended to pro- vide fodder for cattle or sheep would be 70 lb. of winter vetches, 2 to 2! bushels of winter oats, and It to li bushels of winter wheat on 11 to 12 bushels of winter barley, per acre. Beans should be omitted when hay is the ob- ject. From seeds sown in September or Oc- tober a crop should be fit to cut by about the middle of the following June. A certain amount of judgment is needed in deciding when to cut the crop. If cut too young the. vetches wilt and fall. into dust; if left uncut too long the crop becomes fibrous and stock refuse it. The right time to cut is when the small seeds in the pods at the base of the, plant are about half formed. The method of cutting and saving the vetch mixture is precisely the same as in the case of "seeds" hay, except that it is desirable to sweat the crop in the stack a little more. As the crop is cut at a time of year when the rainfall is usually low and the sunshine abundant. no great difficulty need be antici- pated in making it into hay. In wet seasons, however, it may be desirable to make silage. After the removal of the vetch crop, the ground may be bastard fallowed, i.e., ploughed or cultivated and left uncropped till sown with wheat in autumn, or it may be preferable in the interval to sow a suitable autumn catch crop. A method of growing vetches and other- green crops which might often be useful is. the following:—The vetch hay break should be divided into three sections A, B. and C. As soon as section A lias been cleared of vetches, it is prepared for rape; which is sown in the latter end of June. Section B is sub- sequently sown with hardy green turnips (broadcast) in early July, and section C with a. mixture of rye and rape in late July. The first crop (A) provides useful fodder from Sep- tember to mid-December, the hardy green turnips are used from mid-December to the end of February, and the rape and rye ar& consumed during the months of March and April, thus providing a continuous supply of green fodder throughout the winter. The rope used in September and October may be expected to, yield a second crop in the follow- ing March, when it may be grazed off by sheep and lambs.
" IAGRICULTURAL NOTES.
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