The Cardiff Times

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WORKMEN'S TOPICS. I BY MABON. (RADES UNION CONGRfcSS AT CARDIFF. it has been visited of late years by almost ail OOrts and conditions of combinations, but Venture to think that no organisation repre- t'ag such variety of interests of equal import- 1,0 the Trades Union Congress of last week before visited tbe Welsh Metropolis. are pleased greatly that the congress has adopted the line it has with regard to future ■•Presentation, and the alteration in its procedure *0 voting. Its deliberations and decisions will Zf?me °* va'ue once more. Much adverse *'oiam had been poured upon the Parliamentary WUUlmlttee in consequence of its action in this teaPect; WblCh, in our opinion, was ^■estly unwarranted—the congress year by was becoming more and more •jwge Socialistic assembly, an object of con- /^Pt, in which course most of the men that the Labour movement saw nothing but destruction. In fact, it had become more or the annual playground of certain faddists, ,h of whom had a certain following, and as a le8UIf¡ the working classes wero fast being broken i»K ,D':0 ^°Pe'esa factions. Moreover, the em* p majorities by which the resolution of the *rliauiontavy Committee was carried were, or at ought to, entitle the Cardiff Congress to the jro 0u°d gratitude of all true friends of Labour. Con,eQUence of this notion the Cardiff, like tho rwich Congress of last year, will stand out J'Wninently in the history of Trades Union cresses and of social movements as well. II the Norwich gathering it became evi- that tho revision of tho rules was ecessary, and that in order co prevent a small J^'on of the workers of the country using the *er of the congress to propound their own *ticular fadR; tho small Onions to which most •toeso gentlemen belong by joining hands, and ag they were by a number ot ardent BotiatiaL., who were really not members of the Ar*6* that they represented, were able, at _o«"Wieh, to carry the staggering Collectivisb placing everything and everybody J/1" State control. Hi is resolution, nationalis- Btf 1064113 ot production, transport and transit, •» etc., was too much for the more staid and .tb.unch older Unionists. They, and among whom i 8re the representatives of the principal an v,r?er trades, voted against it then, but under the Mi* 8fca,,ding orders the system of voting place in A minority, although representing 7 far a larBer number of workers those who voted against them, and 8otl tbeir aF. This at once created the necessity tor k *,S'DST the standing orders and also the ru cs ^Pectiog representation at the congress. Hence J^Waa given the Parliamentary Committee ?* the necessary order and rules modified, Qd tbie was done with complete thoroughness- Power of voting was equally distributed, each J^te Toting one for every thousand workers jPfeaeoted. This gave the older and stronger their proper standing and power. Thoy managed to keep out from, all future congresses t. ^Pfeacntiatives but those actually working at f trades »i> tho time of appointment or >eing- r^anently paid officials to the societies repre- d o ft I With the first provision wo entirely agree; I noting system is purely democratic and I*: The wisdom of the second we are T?M»ed to question. By this ruling some of the S^Wpal Labour leaders, including Messrs f*°*dhursfc. Bums, Georgo Shipton, &c., who „ born* the heat and weight of the day in 6 struggles of Labour for emancipation, will be tcluded. and the congresses of the future will the wanb of their guidance and advocacy is sowewhat to be regretted that tbe whole discussion regarding this matter waged (he a^ion 0j tihe committee, and that it was devoted to the principles involved. • cannot but think that with cooler and wiser «o«»Bthiag may yet bo done to give all h represented in our various Trades Councils representation, and the most and able of Trades Union leaders the right II heard within the gates. If nothing f'Jnh''8 kind is done it will bo found a little m that the Cardiff Congress will have nearly all the veterans with Parlia- ^y. ry experience from ordinary membership. exceedingly glad to find that our friend e"0w*counteyman. Councillor John Jenkins, *'hfrni chair of the congress with euccesa. These congresses are by no to control. Steering the discussions with dignity, and their deliberations in a ^^Patible with the great mission for the HI ar* the toilers of the country, is the work jj^^perieaoed hands, and we are glad that Jenkins has won for himself '°C Con^c'enco an^ firmness. But we been better pleased if the famous collectivist resolution had been after being discussed, than that the j, but r«scind that resolution should bs ruled h order on a plea that it seems to us would tent **ter for a moment under any intelli- |fc J6a«J>ne of the standing orders. ■■ ^^bou' u*10WeVer* Vety Krab^y'nB tr> find, that 'bo collectivisb resolution of last year neither reaffirmed nor rescinded, the <T,8a "tt^de some intelligent advanced political and of also basing them not upon t; theory, bub on necessity. A resolution fcfcpV^tted on the fifth day of the oongrcss lion InR an oPini0n >n favour of the nationalisa- the land, minerals, and railways, Proposing, as a provisional step, the Irjjjj vj °' a commission on the lines of the and the Scotch Crofters ^Oorai"810 n to fix royalty rents, waylcaves, and ^t> 'ates on railways was adopted unani- -'rOd. The wording of this resolution tho words Pending the education of '-d Orken on the question of nationalisation, %d %h% npcessity of its constitutional enforce. very significant; an admission, roally, of i of congress (since in the hands In blocking all practical legisla- 18 direction by forcing upon the workers °°<Uitry ideas that the great majority of •*lj^ **e n°t been taught tbe principles of, nor AS, necessity of their legal enactment. day was a very important day. 4b, ilim f$Oore of resolutions relating purely to r 4anagemenb cf particular industries fotity, belciered. It also demanded, at the insti- taUors, absolute prohibition K0|>ksb W°fk a°d the compulsory provision of ^0r a'' hands employed by employers, workman inspectors for mines and tA, inereai,ed protection from injury in >*nd more stringent rules to secure 4 10 in charge of engines on sea and ,to in charge of small vessels on » *>otk8» were asked for, coupled wirti a SSir regular inspection of boilers and their s;zc '• The Yorkshite weavers asked to be by law from the broken night-shift on even,nK and Monday morning, which robs them of their Sunday holiday 'bteresting proposal was adopted, to ? *° ^'sl>r'cl1 Councils to oompulsorily «o as to facilitate tho extension of industry,

Makes You Feel Goed. jtfj u fc sat, who always has something *iM?' °U(, 0f° °Yerybody—bless her heart 1 There Ma °Ur86l» US 8'le has not put in better humour 'Q tn*8' They say she met the oglicab I «o he"-0 °'her day. Ho is really a Wofc,J!iSO u8'y and when she saw him 1 She « «?n eVor« for ho had a boil on his say he was looking well. She 0t,sly h i t)ac' a sweet voice, for ho taller* ho«,fS!? fc" I' looked for a moment as if out, but she wasn't. She rallied hand. k°r sweetest smile she grasped said she, "bow do yon do! do wear such amnaoolate 1 said she, "bow do yon do! Wa,. do wear such amnaoolate I

!——————————— Cheese, Butter, and Milk. WITH SPECIAL REFERKNCE TO THE PRODUCTION IN BRITAIN OF THE BEST CONTINENTAL CHEESES. By JAMES LONG. IY# Gorgonzola and tha Varieties of Blue or Moulded Cheese. It is a curious fact. that there are different opinions as to the method of procedure which is followed in the production of the various cheeses which have blue or moulded veins within. I refer to such varieties as the Gorgonzola ot Italy and the Stilton of this country. It is supposed by some that Gorgonzola, for example, is the product of goat's milk, or of the milk of the goat blended with the milk of the cow: aud by others that the blue veins are introduced by the insertion of metal skewers, which, by the way, are sometimes used, and useci, too, for the purpose indicated, although the result is achieved in a very different manner from that which is supposed. Tho blue mould of cheese is tbe ordinary which attacks bread and other materials common in the household. It is probable that it is abundanb in every apartment of a house, and nowhere more so than in the dairy whore cheese is made. If we regard the mould as a plant, and that plant as a weed, we may better understand the principle which is followed m its extensive production by remembering that as the seeds of weeds are more prolific in the production of plant life when thoy fall upon fertde soil (such as the well-tilled and well-manured arable land of the farm) than when they fall upon the unkind highway, eo does the tiny plant which we call mould increase much more rapidly when alight- inff as it were from tho atmosphere upon cheese, which to it is a most fortile soil. It grows, elaborates its seed, or spores, which in their turn are shed abroad, falling upan similarly fertilesoii, the curd of other cheeses, and covering the por- tions in which are permitted to grow. GORGONZOLA. Gorgonzola "cheese is made from the average milk of the northern part of Italy, in winch country I had the advantage of learning a great deal about the system. The cows' milk of Lom. bardy. to which reference may chiefly be made, is not so rich as many people suppose, but it is not, after all, essential that the milk intended for conversion into Gorgonzola or Stilton cheese should be extra rich in fat. To a very large extenb this milk is produced by small owners of cows, who manufacture the cheese, but who do not perfect or ripen tt. selling it to merchants for this purpose, who in their turn finish the process in the cellars and caves which they own. Gor- gonzola is a cheese which is produced from two curds, that is to say, from two lots of curds made at different times. When the two curds are put into the mould which gives form to the cheese one is cold and the other warm and fresh. For example, assuming the cheese to be moulded in the morning, the milk øf the evening previous having been brought to a temperature varying from 80 to 80 degrees Fah., and in some cases 90 degrees F., the rennftb is added. It is important, however, to make one or two remarks at this point. In dairies which are conducted upon defined principles the temperatures are systemati- cally arranged in accordance with the weather, and lower temperatures are adopted but largo numbers of small farmers who have no dairies worthy of the nama, add the rennet to the milk just as it comes from the cow, so that tho tem- perature may vary from 90 degrees up to 93 degrees. Again, the rennont generally used is a filthy preparation which is, practically speaking, the macerated stomach of the calf, the actual animal matter itself. A portion of this material is placed in a piece of cloth and dipped with tbe left hand into the milk, the right hand the while squeezing ib in order that the extract which exudes may be mixed with the milk, which is subsequently stirred. In Italy, the curd, when lit for cutting or breaking, is gently broken wiLh an instrument called a IMrtwaarilo tho operation fasts about a quarter of an hour, and is gently performed. Tho whey gradually exudes, and the curd is left drier and drier until it is slung in a cloth on to a hook in the ceiling, and left until the following morn- ing It is essential that the apartment in which it hangs should be at least 60 degrees, but not more than 65 F. If higher, it may become too drv if lower, too heavy, tho whey not leaving it properly. Naturally, however, difficulties are met with by the small dairymen in the mountain- ous districts, especially those who are constantly moving with their herd of cattle and make the cheese wherever they «l te system it is which accounts for so much inferior ^heTurd of tbe morning is in the fosfc placo treated in a similar manner to that the evening, but when broken every effort is made to obtain from it a large quantity of wheyjh.Ie .t is still warm. A small quantity ofacidwiJ I have formed m the evening's curd, bat the °f he morning will be perfectly sweet The mould sed in the manufacture of Gorgonzola is a cu j^eta] of wood,preferably beech but m some cases.metal is being introduced in conseqnence '0 thab it can be more easily cleaned, no the whey, as is the case witn wood. i 0f the mould a cord is attached, so that cheese jnav be tightened or loosened as may b desirable. When ready for mouldmg the curd w pK on the draining U 'i'SdJnt carrv off the whey, and the mould is P'?00" 9" rve-straw mat. Sometimes the mould is divi t K, S W's. th. upp« portion Siting »»f ita,; .bob* of tbS low« "daS' removed when the curd sinks.. Beloie n.imj,, themould is lined with a strainer cloth. In commencing, the bottom of the mould is covered wTh a Jhin layer of the warm morning's curd. Above this 13 placed a layer of the curd of t previous evening, followed again by another layer & warm curd, and so on until the 'S 'eM care being taken that the warm curd covers the Surface of the cheese. The prime ob ecM T believe, of thus alternating the two different kinds of curd is that tho mould is enabled to grow in the intcrafcices which aro formed, inasmuch as the warm and cold curds never unite in the same •viosa homogeneous manner as is the case where the curd is all mado from one lot of milk and is all of one temperature. MOOLD-RIPENING. In different countries difforenb methods are parried out for the production of the mould. J or example, in that part of France where the famous Roauefort cheese is produced from the milk of the ewe the makers do not rely absolutely UP°" natural producbion of mould, but they especially nreoarea kind of bread, which is crumbled, and mvm which mould is induced to grow, which it wdl easily do hy exposure to a slightly warm, humidAtmosphere. The mouldy cvumto whicha re fhns nroduced aro mixed with the curd, which u So cheese. After the cheese has been moulded it remains for drainage in an apartment ahnhmit66degreesF. Itisfrequently turned, taken mtt of the mould, the clobh changed, and turned aomin In Lombardy, where the cheese is sold in its new or green form, it is weighed at the time iit « last^aken out of the mould. Ib is then ready for removal to the salting-room, where it subse- remains a few days at 68 degrees, until 5h« mould is finally removed. The cheese will L„n found covered with a tiny growth of white fungus, which is an indication that it is madv for salting. The finest salt is used by the best manufacturers, although those who exercise libble care use any salt which comes to hand. Tho surfaoeof the cheese is entirely covered by gently sprinkling, the salt being subsequently rnhhnd into the crust with the hand. As a rule, this method of salting continues daily for a con- ^irlfirable oeriod, from two to four weeks but ?n Bomo c«es the upper portion of the cheese is 8alted ab one time and the lower portion a another that is, on the following day, so that the entire cheese is really salted from 12 to 15 times. When this process has been completed th* tfixtuie of the cheese may be examined, it blue mould will not grow with freedom. In this case tbe cheese is pierced with metat skewer, which admit the air, and with it oxygen, whicn the fungus requires, for they are unaDie w 2row in its absence. Should the texture, however, be sufficiently light and g^rous, nothing need bo feared, as it wm grow equally all well as in the Stilton, in which the texture is generally closer and mellower. Whm Oarffonzola cheese is taken to the cave or celfar to r1Pen-and some of the Italian caves which we have been enabled to see are very fine and well arranged-they are laid upon covered with rye straw and kept at a temp^ture of about 55 degrees. As with other cheeses, rinenine can be hastened by a rise in the temperfture, but the best cheese is thatwhichis produced during the process of a lower time,and at a lower temperature. During the npe»™« process, which may take as long as fonr totve months, or even more, different varieties of fungi grow upon the crust. The first to appear is a fungus of a dark colour, which is followed by a white mould, and subsequently by a red, which is supposed to give colour to the cheese, although this colour is generally simulated by artificial means. The best Gorgonzola is of a very nign type indeed, but it is seldom seen in this country. STILTON. The leading blue moulded cheese in this country is the famous Stilton, and the system adopted in Its manufacture is not unlike that which is followed in Italy in the manufacture of Gorgonzola, or in France in the manufacture ot Roquefort and several other varieties of » similar character. Stilton is the, leading ch^e of plwi wjnioh in ♦WB 8fgg|^tt»lPdesilit« dale and the Cotherstone, both of which when really perfect are varieties which it is difficult to beat indeed, a perfect Wensleydale, with its mild flavour and mellow texture, is only equalled by a perfect Gorgonzola, and I am not sure, although Stilton is made in my own dairy, that this more famous variety can at its best equal either of those named at their best. It is, how- ever, fair to say that perfect cheeses of either kind are much less often seen than is the case with Stilton, in the production of which very con- siderable skill is now brought to bear, the in- dustry being one in which there is keen competi- tion, and which, in consequence, it is to be feared, will in the future yield lower prices to these who produce this cheese. There are dif- ferent methods adopted in the production of Stilton, which is proverbially supposed can only be manufactured with success in Leicestershire. This, of course, is fallacious; but there is a great deal in Leicestershire herbage, if not in Leicester- shire cattle or climate. A method which will be found successful is that of setting the morning's milk at 85 degrees, and removing the curd in thin layers at the end of an hour into the draining cloths which are laid upon a properly constructed draining table. It should be observed, however, that in no case is it possible to lay down definite figures for all cases, whether they relate tempera- ture, time, or the quantity of rennet used. The quality of the milk and the climate of the district have considerable influence, and these influences must be met by a slight deviation either in the temperature at which the milk is set cr the quantity of rennet added, to say nothing of one or two subsequent details. The curd then is placed layer by layer into the drainers. Here, being warm, it gradually parts with its whey, and as it becomes firmer the corners of each cloth are tied together loosely in order that the slight pressure thereby exerted may cause the whey to leave still more effectually. These corners are from time to time tightened until the curd is fairly firm, and can be handled without breaking in pieces. When the temperature is about 60 degrees F. the curd may be generally left throughout the night, but when the temperature is below 60 degrees, the curd had better bo slung in a cloth from the ceiling, as we have suggested with regard to the Gorgonzola. In this way the curd parts with its whey more effectually. On the following morniug it may be removed, cub in cubes, and laid in an open shallow tin vessel to air. Airing is a somewhat indefinite term, but it may be mentioned that the object is to create or increase acidity in the curd. There can be no acidity without contact with oxygen, and as the air contains oxygen, so the curd is aired. The morning milk is treated in asimilar manner, and sometimes on the evening of the day on which this curd was produced theebeese may be moulded, but it depends upon the condition of the curd, for it must not be broken up for moulding until it is sufficiently firm and rip?, more particularly if the weather is cold, as in this case the cheese would swell and be utterly spoiled. On the second day, however, it is always possible to mould. The utensil used is a cylinder slightly larger in diameter than a Stilton cheese itself. It is perforated with a number of rather large holes, through which a certain quantity of the whey exudes when the curd is within it. The mould is placed upon a ctoth and is gently filled by the hands with the mixed curd of the two milkiugs. This curd having become fit, which means that the earlier curd is distinctly acid both to the taste and the smell, and that it is silky and mellow, both curds are broken into fine pieces with the fingers as gently as possible, and, after weighing, mixed with a fair proportion of salt. It is salted curd, therefore, of which the cheese is made, and in this particular, as well as in others, it differs from the Gorgonzola process. Both top and bottom of the cheese are carefully finished off that the edges may be clean and the surface smooth. In the course of three or four days, should the temperature be maintained at from 60 to 63 F., the cheese will be firm and will have left the sides of the mould, which may be lifted from it, allowing it to stand alone. It is now bound with a calico binder somewhat tightly, and pinned top and bottom. This bandage is removed and a. clean one pllt on every day until I the somewhat wrinkled coat of the cheese has partially formed. It is then taken to the drying- room and subsequently to the ripening room. All cheese of this character loses considerably in weight, in spite of the fact that they are not pressed, and yet they maintaina mellower, softer, creamier texture than cheeses which have been pressed. It is possible to hasten the process of ripening first, by drying the cheese at a slightly higher temperature than is ioirnwon, and, next,, by ripening it in an apartment lcepb at from 65 to 67 degrees F., and pronouncedly humid. Or. the other hand, ripening may be delayed by the adoption of a low temperature, which both pre- vents the mould from growing freely, and the bacteria (which play animpurtunt par II in the conversion of the insoluble curd to the soluble cheese) from carrying out their work. New makers are apt to fly to a variety, the ranks of which are already overcrowded. The Italians are producing more and more Gorgonzola, while in England, Stilton, being the most fashion- able of the moulded cheeses of this country, has had its ranks reinforced so much of late that the price has fallen, and the industry will presently not be worth following. There is great room for the extension of the system adopted at Wensley- dale, and it is certain that if this cheese were systematically produced, and if it were mild and mellow as the very finest of the samples are, it would be much more largely sold than is possible under present conditions, under which its sale is almost localised, and its existence practically un- known in many parts of our country, to say nothing of the other English-speaking countries of the world. The manufacture of all these varieties is taught at the British Dairy Insti- tute, near Aylesbury, and as chairman of the committee, I know that the instruction is really worthy of the attention of those engaged in dairy work. NHXT ARTICLE MORE VARIETIES OF FANCY CHKKSE ADAPTED TO ENGLAND.

Songs for the People. Andrew Fletcher, ot Saltoun, in a letter to the Marquis of Montrose, wrote I know a very wise man that believed that if a man were permitted to make all the ballads he need not care who should maKe the laws of the nation." ARMENIA, 1895. A PROTEST AND A PLEA. Freedom of thought and actions just and fair Are man's prerogatives, no matter where He lays his head-in Britain's cherished homes, On Asia's sands, or under old-world domes, Or where the Lap his snow-girt life maintains, Or in Armenia's modest, fertile ylains, I.NLlid orange groves and vineyards fair to view, Sheltered by hills of every greeny hue, Where westering sunlight breaks with ruddy glow, Armenia cries for justice and a blow To sever wide the lustful Turk's fierce reign, And freedom give to heart and eye and brain. There, crushed by yoke as foul as Hell could frame, The husband's forced to witness wifely shame; The lover stands, and dare not ask the why His promised wife's defiled before his eye. And if-in rage as justified as fierce- He should respond, a Moslem blade doth pierce The suffering heart; or on a neighbouring tree He's made to hang. Ah! cursed liberty of lust and power Send, send, 0 God, its wished, expiring hour! Shall it be said that Britain calmly stood And watched the innocent outraged the blood Of husband, lover, brother, friend, be spilt in vain ? Forbid it, God forbid it we, Th' apostles of a blood-bought liberty Shades of the dead-Greek. Polish, Swiss, and all Who fought to free your countries of the thrall Of tyrant yokfes, Arise! and glut again- If by no other means the Turks can be made men— Your love of freedom, aud of death your scorn; Your hate of despots, justified and born Irl 6y'ry manly heart. Now, Britain, rise; The cause is just. A Christian sect outcries For help; and freedom from the soulless Turk, Who in the groves of husbandry doth lurk For lust and blood Shall it cry out in vain ? Forbid it, Advocate of Freedom, and maintain Thy place! The world looks on, expecting thou Wilt now acquit thyself—thy laurelled brow Uphold, as help of the weak and just Whose God-giv'n freedom's trampled in the dust, Or doff the wreath thou'st got. E. PATTERSON.

LAUNDKXSS I really do hope you will settle this little account to-day, sir. I have a big bill to pay to-morrow. CAPTAIN (indignantly): Confound your impuv di»r»n«! You go and contract debts and botee: dunning me to p»y them* aw&y^ or ril giye^ frvooriirttlMgfc

WELSH GLEANINGS. Professor J. E. Lloyd, of the University College, Bangor, is engaged in revising the proof sheets of his new work on Welsh history, Ail Lyfr Hanes." Y Pelydryn for the current month, in addition to the continuation of the reminiscences of the Sunday-school of 30 years ago, contains an excellent paper on Socialism and another on Liberty and Licence." Mr William Griffith, of Aberystwyth, who has just issued in two shilling volumes a most interesting account of his South African adven- tures and exploration ot the Mashonaland Gold Mines, is a native of Port Dinorwic, Carnarvon. shire. Another Welsh hero who laid down his life on the field of foreign missions," writes a corres- pondent, "was Johnny Penry. of Llandilo, a classmate of some of the Gwynfe missionaries you have mentioned, and brother of L'he Rev. T. Penry, Congregational minister, Aberystwyth." A broom was recently sent to a young lady on the occasion of her marriage, accompanied by the following verse :— Defnyddiol iawn yw'r anlbe hon, Ar dywydd teg a cliroes, Ysgubo'r lIawr yn lan a'r pen, Ac weithiau'r gwr a'r goes. An historic Welsh Nonconformist church is again about to become vacant, the Rev. R. Thomas having resigned the pastorate of the Welsh Congregational Tabernacle, Liverpool, where he succeeded the late Rev. J. Thomas, D.D.. one of the most distinguished of Welsh divines. The Rev, R. Thomas is returning to his old pastorate at Landore. At Gwynedd Eisteddfod last week a.t Pwllheli, Mr J. Jenkins (Gwili), the young bard ofPontnr- dulais, took a prize of £7 7s and a gold medal for a pryddest on Paths of Righteousness," the adjudicators being Dyfed and Cadvan. Ib will be remembered that at the National Eisteddfod held at Llanolly, he took a jB12 priM for a libretto, a much coveted honour among the poets. There is nothing new under the sun, and schools of agriculture, even in Wales, are not new, for at least one was formed in May, 18&5, at Llan- brynwiair, Sir John Conroy, Baronet, presenting it with a large number of text books and other works on agriculture. Mr Davies, miners' agent, Penygroes, and Mr D. Jones, agent to Sir W. W. Wynne, also presented the school with books, implements, Sso. F Sergn Gomer for September opens with a critical and appreciative review of the work and writings of the late Dr. Roberts, of Pontypridd, from the pen of the Rev. W. Morris, F.R.G.S. (Rhosynog), Treorky. The other articles include a continuation of the critique of Balfour's Foundation of Belief," by Rev. D. Powell, Liverpool, and "The Genius of the Welsh Pulpit," by Prof. Gethin Davies, D.D. It may be news to many of our readers thab Mr Ignatius Williams, the learned stipendiary ab Pontypridd, was once engaged in defending a Spiritualist, who had been convicted for obtaining money under false pretences, but such is the case, and the report of his application to have the con- viction quashed, which was heard before the Lord Chief Justice and Mr Justice Melloron April 14th, 1877, is givon in the Daily Telegraph for the following day. There has been no more persistant "questioner in the last Session of Parliament than Mr Herbert Lewis. While showing a deep and intelligent interest in such varied topics as Welsh harbours, the reafforestation of Welsh mountains, light railways in Wales, and half-a-dozen other subjects more or less directly affecting kite Principality, ho has devoted most of his attention to the question of the unemployed, and has very effectively reminded the Government of the unredeemed pledges on this head made by their supporters all over the country at the recent elections. The proceedings of the Gwynedd Chair Eisteddfod, which closed on Friday ab Pwllheli, will be memorable for a handsome offer made by Mr Solomon Andrews. In his speech as chairman on Friday afternoon that gentleman stated that if it could be arranged to hold an eisteddfod in the ancient borough once a year, he would put up a permanent building capable of holding 2,000 people in which to hold it. Needless to say, the offer was accepted with much applause. The executive committee have promised to consider the offer. and little doubt is entertained that they will see their way to accept it, The oldest dean-tho Dean of St. David's— has tendered his resignation to the Bishop of the diocese, with whom the appointment of a succes- sor rests. The Very Rev. James Allen, who is in his 91st year, is the oldest living graduate of Trinity College, Cambridge, and was ordained in 1835. He has been Dean of St. David's since 1878. Few ecclesiastical dignitaries have lived iu a more simple and primitive manner. In his home among the Welc-h hills he has been in the habit of cooking his own meals and performing many other humble domestic duties, in order that he might apply his income to the maintenance of the ancient and romantically-situated cathedral. Towards the close of last week a large meeting took place at the Temperance Hall, Cwmbwroh, Dr. Frazer presiding, for the purpose of present ing Dr. Glanville Morris with an illuminated address, as a small token of the great respect entertained for him by the people of the neigh. bourhood. Although Dr. Morris resided in the district for a brief period only, he won the golden opinion of all; and it was felt that he ought not to be allowed to leave that part of the Princi- pality without some souvenir of the valuable services which he had rendered to the cause of humanity. Dr. Morris now carries on a practice at Nantgaredig, near Carmarthen. We give a few more celebrities of Llanbryn- mair. Mr Richard Davies (Mynyddog) was born at DolydaU, Llanbrynmair, and for the greater part of his life hved with his parents at Fron Farm. He stands unrivalled as an eisteddfod conductor. He possessed a fine presence, had a powerful voice and cool brain and ready tongue. His wit was electric, never coarse. William Williams (Gwilym Cyfeiliog), Llanbrynmair, was the author of the well-known Welsh hymn, "Cued trefu i faddeu beiau, Yn yr iawn," &c. This hymn has been translated even into Kliassee. Mr Williams was cousin to the immortal brothers, S. K., J. R., and Gruffyd Rhiarb. Mr R. Williams, F.R.A.S., Newtown, is one of his sons. A correspondent writes:—The Roberfcses, of Llanbrynmair, and Dr. Owen Evans, with his two brothers, are by no means the only instances of members of the same family attaining positions of eminence in the Welsh pulpit. The Rev. Owen Thomas, D.D., regarded as the most powerful preacher among the Methodists, was rivalled among the Independents by his brother, tbe Rev. Jehn Thomas, D.D. The latter has a son (the Rev. Owen Thomas, M.A.) who bids fair to maintain tho pulpit traditions of his family. A very parallel case is that of the Reeses. The Rev. Henry Rees, father-in-law of the Lord. Lieutenant of Anglesey, was as prominent a figure among the Methodists as his brother, the Rev. William Rees. D.D. (Gwllym Hiraethog) was among the Congregationalists. The son of the latter (the Rev. Henry Rees, Bryngwran) is one of the moat popular Welsh preachers in North Wales. A Parliamentary paper has been issued con- taining statutea made by the governing body of Jesus College, Oxford, in which it is enacted that, provided that the Glamorgan intermediate scheme becomes law and if so long as thegoverning body have theright of being represented by a fourth- part of the governing body of the Cowbridae School, they shall (a) either elect the headmaster of Cowbridge School to a Fellowship at Jesus College, of the annual value of £200, tenable so long as he shall hold the office of headmaster of Cowbridge School, or pay to the Glamorgan County Council the annual sum of £200 towards '0 the salary of the said headmaster and (b) pay annually for the general purposes of Cowbridge School the sum of £200, in addition to the j350 at present payable under the provisions of Sir Leoline Jenkins' will, and, in addition to an annual sum of fB50, payable in commutation of the liability of Jesus College foe "the. repaiøand insurance of the exi»tipgbuiWin« NifJJow&Etfffe' <

Pig Fattening, The pig should be kept going steadily, but not fast, as regards feeding from tbetime it is weaned. We by no means advocate keeping the pig in a close sty and cramming him with food. It is wasteful in the matter of food, and ruinous to the quality of the pig in theaedays when so much lean meat is required. The pigshould be kept in reason- able condition from the time it leaves its mother until it is put finally into the sty, and fed at high pressure for the last six weeks of its life before being marketed for pork, It county Limerick, Ireland, farmers can send a pig to market weighing 168lbs dead weight, in from six and ahalfte seven months from its birth; his a large dairy district in which there is plenty of skim milk. The pigs, alter being weaned, are lot run about and pick up what they can in the stubble fields and pastures but they get one good meal in the day whatever the farmer may have, such as small potatoes or a few boiled turnips or mangolds, with a little Indian meal and broad bran added to make it less watery. This one meal keeps the pig in fairly good condition, while, at the same time, he does not get enough food to render bitn over fat. At five months old the pigs 3ry taken up, put into a fattening sty, and gi veil as much food as they can eat three times a day of good food, such as boiled potatoes and skim-milk, than which better food a pig never got, if a tittle barley meal or good Indian meal bo added. Barley meal and milk, some fine Indian meal (made from Russian or Danube corn, not American, the latter being too indigestible and not nearly so good for pig breeding as the others). are also good foods. In fine weather when the fattening pig-i are let out to get the fresh air and are undergoing the finishing process, more ex. ercise would be waste of food. The cost of feed- ing depends entirely upon what the farm pro- duces but one great advantage with pigs is that they will eat almost any other animal's leavings, which renders them a species of save all." Any- thing like greasy stuff from the kitchen and the like in a limited quantity is excellent for the pigs, if added to other food, as it seems to lubricate their insides, keep their machinery going, and gives a relish to their food. For gardens there is no manure like pig manure in fact, people who are foud of growing vegotables, fruit, and flowers might almost keep pigs for the sake of the manure they make, it is so valuable for the garden. Fewls for Confinement. Most of our light, active, everlasting laying breeds will thrive m a limited space, as they take a good deal of exercise, running to meet everyone they see, and hunting and scratching over every inch of ground. It is curious how much amuse- ment fowls derive from a few feet of freshly tmned-up earth. Pullets should always be pro- cured in preference to hens, aud it is a good plan to shange them the following autumn while still in their prime, before too long a confinement has injured their constitution. Houdans generally do well; so do all the Hamùurgs, the black and white Minoroas, and the brown and white Leg- horns. It is interesting when neighbours try different breeds to compare results. The Spanish, Dorking, Game, and the common barn-door fowl, are about the worst sorts that can be selected as egg-producers in a limited space. Thousands give up the idea of keeping poultry in suburban districts because they know that the crowing of the cocks is an almost intolerable nuisance, so it seems worth white to repeat that hens will lay just as many fggs tf kepI; m single blessedness." Four pullets, which laid 647 eggs, never saw a cock until they were returned to a farm after a year's confinement. The hena also rarely cackle when they lay if there is no cock to answer them. In a wild state the object with which this apparently senseless noise is made. is that tlio hen, after stealing away to lay her egg, may find out where the cock aud the rest of the party are. It seems strange to hear the familiar sound in the depths of an uninhabited tnduloD jungle. There it is a point af honour for the cock to answer the hen directly, and they keep up the chorus until they meet. I give an illustration nf a." lean-to" fowl-house which rony be useful in this connec- tion. Honey Extracting, By using au extractor the honey harvest is not only produced in its purest form, but the labour of the bees is saved just when their energies are wholly required in storing honey and not least in importance to the bee-keeper comes the direct saving of honey otherwise used in producing new combs. Nothing tends more to reduce the possi- bility of swarming than a crate of nice clean combs above the brood-chamber, for if the honey is coming in rapidly they are at onoe taken possession of by the bees, and storing goes on uninterruptedly. When the combs are filled and sealed they should be removed either singly, or bodily in the super to the ex- tracting room. there to be emptied of their contents while the honpy is warm. If allowed no.VBY RXTKAOXOK. to become cold the honey thickens, and is with difficulty ejected from the combs. If any of the combs contain unsealed honey they should be put into the extractor, and the honey thus exposed removed in order that such unripe honey may not be run into the cistern with the sealed or ripened honey. After this has been taken from the extractor, to be given back as food to the bees, the capping of the combs should be shaved off with a sharp uncapping knife. Each comb should then be placed in the extractor, so that when the cages are turned the bottom bar will go round first. This renders the emptying of combs much easier than when the top bar runs round first, because the honey is made to fly out in the direction of the natural i upward pitch of the comb-cells. The honey which faUs iuto the space below the cages should be run off and passed through one or two thicknesses of oanvas or mus- lin, and afterwards bottled or storecMn tins or jars for sale in bulk. The combs when emptied of the boney should be allowed to stand for some time to drain before being given to stocks requir- ing super room. Broccoll. With proper care it is possible to have good broccoli for nine or ten months of the year, but deeply worked and well-drained soil is necessary for this purpose. Liberal supplies of manure are needed for growing broccoli, and the garden must be open, although protected from cold cutting winds. Seeds should be sown on properly pre- pared beds in March, April, May, June, July, and during the first fortnightin August, sowing thinly, so that sturdy, robust plants be formed. So soon as the plants are of sufficient size they should be put out in rows, varying frem two feet to four feet apart, according to the habit of the plant; and they should be the same distance apart in the rows, as it is desirable to get as good development of the foliage as possible. Weeds must be kept down, and in cold situations plants which have to stand the winter should be taken up and heeled in on a sheltered border where protection can be afforded; but in warm and sheltered positions all that is needed is to protect with bracken or other light litter during bard frost. Geod sorts are as follows t—Walcberon, Purple and White Uape, Grainger's Autumn White, Autumn Giant, Snow's Winter White, Early Penzance White, Reading Giant, Cooling's Matchless, Elletson's Mammoth, Dilcock's Bride, Cattail's Eclipse, Purple Sprouting, which, however, requires the same treatment as Brussels Sprouts.

ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. L, J. Smith (Bedford).—Crossing Andalusian pullets.—Yes, you would be likely to get good birds by the first cross, but it would not be wise to repeat it. The experiment would be more successful in breeding exhibition birds than lay. ing stock. Belgian Hare (Herts) -Ib is too late in the season to turn down rabbits for crossing wild rabbits have nttw practically ceased to breed. Try March, if an open month, or April.

MATRIMONIAL ITEM.—Mr Murray Hill, jun. Father, this yonng lady you want me to marry stutters dreadfuily.—Mr Murray Hill, sen.; That makes no difference. She is rich, and after you are married a little while you will find that she talks fast enough to suit you. ■ rm dowa oq jroos ehcw» m tot beard said to thiyfltffch "v

THE HOUSEHOLD, 0- BJECTIONS there may be to having one's name placarded for everybody's bene. fit, but all must admit that there is no way in which one demonstrates one's proprietorship so gracefully to any article than having one's initials em- broidered thereon. I feel this very cfrongly still. I admit to a certain degree of laziness, and am a little apt to assert that if a thing is not marked it must belong to me; however, one's friends and relations are somehow given to objecting to this form of annexing belongings, and it is perhaps as well on the whole that one's things should bear the compromising letters of our name. Of course there are many people who have only to trace out a monogram with a pencil and set to work com- posing the most elaborate twists and twirls, con- versing with the utmost comfort at the sime time. This is one extreme, the other being the. person who has attained cross-stitcli initials and never got beyond them, but the majority are the medium sort of people, who really might embroider very well if they had something to indicate just where their stitches were to be taken, so they will probably be glad to hear of a new invention which will come considerably to their aid in the manufac- ture of initial letters for marking purposes. They are a sort of skeleton letter made in several sizes, and composed of some indiarubber- like material capable of being washed, and do not turn the point of the needle should it be passed through one by accident, which we know is liable to happen under the best regulated circumstances. My sketch shows the letter K, just as you buy it, and the process of covering it with embroidery cotton, which is, of course, the best to use for underclothes and handkerchiefs, and so on, and the other letters show the effect when it is entirely completed. Great care must be taken in tacking the letters on to the material anu seeing that they are perfectly straight before you begin to work on them. It is just as well not to use a large initial if the cambric be very fine, as the weight of the embroidery is likely to draw it into holes. Coloured flax threads are very nice for everyday handkerchiefs with coloured borders and also for PRETTY INITIAL LETTERS, I working initials on household linen. In using filoselle on satin, four threads should be used at the same time. Other sketches show what an excellent effect can be produced by feather. stitching worked closely so as to make a heavy initial suitable for cloth carriage rugs, bath blankets, and so on. You must mark the centre line down the middle of the bar, just as you see in this drawing, then the needle and silk must be brought out on the right side of the material on the middle vein nearly at thb top of the bar. Put your needle in at the extreme point, and bring it out where the silk is already, and draw it through, holding your silk under your left hand thumb, and then insert your needle on the right band outline, close by your last stitch, bring it out in the middle vein over the silk held by your thumb. The stitches must be made alternately right and left, and you must be careful to make them lie closely together, so that the stuff is not in any way visible between them. Pink silk button- holed round a charity blanket with a large initial in one corner makes an excellent bath blanket. Indiarubber in its various phases is now being so generally employed in the manufacture of so many articles of use that a word or two on the subject will certainly be appreciated. Rubber articles that float in water are elastic and soft and harmless. Black rubber dolls that are covered throughout the mass, and which sink in water, contain lead and are dangerous. Red and brown rubbers contain antimonic sulphide. Grey rubber contains zitte oxide, and is very dangerous in articles likely to be put into the mouth, as are also any articles only coloured on the surface. I do not think that people recognise sufficiently how very decorative little coloured curtains are on small book-shelves. I bought a very ordinary bit of white wood furniture in the shape of a book-shelf the other day, and turned it into quite a thing of beauty. I stained it a kind of golden yellow satin-wood, which has the advantage of bringing out any grain of the wood that may be there. On i I put a Deti plate or two :tw, a few jars in Oriental blue, which is, of course, the same blue as the Delft then, after putting up the smallest brass rods on the top of the shelves that I cotiid had, I ran on these by means of certain fine brass rings, two little curtains of pale yellow silk, and I assure you that the golden tints, of the wood. aud the contrast of the dark blue china, and a few in. teresting looking books, for the most part cheap editions bound in white vellum, made a. charming spot of colour on an otherwise uninteresting looking wall. Dainty toilet trays are always charming acces- sories to a dressing table. I was very struck with it little tray on the table of a friend, and thought Ittwas one of the prettiest of the kind that I had ever seen. I have had it drawn for your benefit. and will proceed to describe how it was made. The foundation was simply one of those white wood trays of this particular shape which are nob difficulb to procure, my friend chose this Knttern because she possesses a siumber of beauti- ll bangles, and the three rounds of the trefoil made a splendid resting-place for each different kind. She removed the rim from the bottom of the tray, and then having an exquisite spray of A NOVXf, TOIlET TRAY, I wild roses on a background of white satin she proceeded to cover the bottom of the tray tightly and neatly introducing a very thin layer of wadding between the wood and satin so as to give it a richer, softer app arance, the rim she very carefully enamelled white, and then, when completely dry, glued it to the edge of the tray, and then turning it over glued a piece of neatly cut white paper all over the back. She says she uses Japanese paper sometimes, but had not any at band, and found that the white paper made a very smooth surface. It really made a charming little article, and would be delightful to give as a tireaMit to wnvbodf*$tm*

Welsh Tit-Bits. Neu Wreichion Oddiar yr Eingion. (BT CADRAWD.) '■ TroiV Gath yn y Badell." This is a very common expression in use in the daily conversation of the Welsh people ib is also quite as much in use with Englishmen, and it would be interesting to know which made use of the adage first. What is meant by To turn cat in the pan" is to forsake your principles for advantages. It is used in the old song, "Tbe Vicar of Bray," who was Papist and Protestant, The author of this song, however, seems to have modernised tbe old vicar, and brought down his versatility to later days— When George in pudding time came o'er, And mod'rate men look'd big, sir, I turn'd a cat i1 pan once more. Aud so became a Whig, sir. Dr. Pegge thinks that owing to a corruption oj speech the old word cate" for cake, or cuma- lette," was changed to cat. The cake being usually fried, and consequently turned in the pan, which operation does very aptly express the change of sides in politics or religion, ar as other- wise expressed, the turning of one's coat; but this is no explanation in view of the Welsh version of the popular adage. Who will explain ? The Old British Calendar, The names of the calendar months in the old Welsh calendar furnish a pleasing specimen of the genius of the language, in fulness of meaning, and shortness of sound. Tbe same names are to this day in use among the Welsh with the excep. tion of the first, third, and eighth month, which are now called Ionawr, Mawrtb, and Awst. The first month in the British calendar was called Gwynhyier-the white, wild month. The second Chwefor—the furious month, Ionawr a dery lawr, Chwefror yspail cawr." The third Elir—the return of verdure or spring. The fourth Elmll-the early month. Mawrth a ladd, Elmll a flyng." The fifth Cyntefyn, or Mai, beginning of summer, or field month. It received the last name because in this month the early Britons were accustomed to take to the fields, or open country, their haf-bod, or summer-houses, which accounts for so many Iiafods and Hafdres among our place names in Wales. The sixth month was called Mehefin, the quiet summer month. Mai a gwyn y galon Mehefin llawen *gorsing." "Gorsing means a merry doorway. The seventh month, Gorphenaf, the full summer month. The eighth, Gwyngaleifion, or white stalk month, probably from corn stalks becoming whitish in this season. Gorphenaf llawen bnartli Awst llawen gwr y ty." The ninth month, Medi, the reaping month. The tenth, Hydref, the home or town month, for it was the practice with the early Welsh to resume the habitation of their town or enclosed residences at this period of the year. Medi, llawen adar Hydref lion cyfllorwar," (Social intercourse.) The eleventh month, Tachwedd, the month. The last month, Rhagfyr, the rainy or floody month, and having the shortest days. Tachwedd, dechreu galar Rhagfyr, gochelerui far." (Its anger.) The Saxon appellations are more curious than elegant. The month which is now called January they called Wolfe Monat, and because, says the old Verstegan, people were always more in danger of be-ing devoured by wolves in this month than in any other season of the year. February they called Sprout Kele, by keifc meaning the kelewurt, now called Oolewurfc, the greatest pot-wurt our ancestors used, and the broth made therewith was called kale, and was tbe chief sustenance of the husbandman, March they called Lenot Monat, length-month, because the days did then first begin in length to exceed, the nights. Subsequently, when Christianity was received by the Saxons, the ancient custom of fasting among early Christians was at this season of the year, and called by them after the name of the month Lent. April they called Oster Monat the wind in this month most commonly from the east, which means in the Teutonic ost, ost end in English signify east end. Easter again has its origin from this same source. May they called Tri Milkie, because in that month they began to milk their kine three times in the day. June they called Weyd Monat, because their beasts did at this season weyd in the meadows, or went to feed—weyd means meadow. July was by the Saxons called Heu Monat, that is, hay month. August was of them called Arn Monat, or Barn Monat, the season in which they stocked their barns. September they called Gerst Monat; barley which that month commonly yielded was anciently called Gerst. October was given the name of Wyn Monat; wine was generally made in this month. November they gave it the name Wint Monat, wind month. December had the appellation Winter Monat, but later they called it Heligh Monat; Holy month, which proves their devotion to the time of the Saviour's birth at Bethlehem, which they took to have taken place the end of this month. Verstegan derives the word almanac from the Saxon word al-mon-aght. In olden times they used to engrave upon pieces of square wood, about a. foot in length, the courses of the moon for the whole year, from which they could certainly tell the new moons, the full moons, and the changes that would happen, as well as their chief feasts, festivals, and saints' days; and hence is derived the name of almanac. The Prospects of Young Welsh Clergymen in Wales 62 Years Ago. Tegid," m a letter to his friend Gwallter Mechain," from Oxford, writes in the following strain I preached four Sundays at Llan. dderfel Church for Mr Jones, and" I was more pleased than otherwise with preaching in the Welsh language, which in all probability will never fall into my lot again to do. Hope deferred maketh the heart sick." Mae pob un o'r Esgobion Yn eu swydd yn casiiu Sion, Tagant yr loan Tegid Yn Uwyr, pe caent le i'w Hid, Seison ddynion ni wnant dda A'u golud i peilo Gwalia. Iu a letter written by Gwallter Mechain to the Rev. P. Richards, Llangyniw, dated Nov., 1834, he expresses himself thus:—Ib is diflScult to think too meanly of the dignitaries and wealthy non-residents throughout the four Welsh dioceses on account of their lethargic apathy in patronising Welsh literature. But they cannot read Welsh, the greater the shame. They can packet the value of Welsh tithes. Huw Uwyd. This celebrated Welsh bard lived at Cynvae!, in Merionethshire, and was tho lather of Morgan Llwyd, author of" Llyfr y Tri Aderyn." Huw held a commission in the Army, and served many years on the Continent. He died at a ripe old age in 1620, and was buried at Maentwrog, His memory is still preserved in the name of a magni- ficent columnar rock which rises out of the river Cynvael, called Pwlpud Huw Llwyd." The country people considered him to be a magician and to have possessed supernatural powers, and to have delivered his nocturnal incantations from this pulpit. Archdeacon Prys, of Merioneth, and he were very great friends, and after the old poet died the Archdeacon wrote of him— Ni chldddir ac ni chladdwyd Fyth i'r llawr mo fath BLuw Llwyd. Morgan Llwyd was a man of remarkable abilities and strong religious convictions. He traversed Wales for many years, preaching against the immorality and thoughtlessness of the time. He also wrote and published several books, some of which are still in no small request among his pions countrymen. His most popular work, however, was the one entitled Dirgelweh i rai i'w ddeall, ac i eraill i'w watwar," Le., A mystery for some to under- stand and for others to ridicule." It is written in the form of a dialogue between the. eagle, the dove," and1 tho raven* and goes iusu* of Urfr1P- The eagle is said to represent Cromwell the dove, the tolerant sectaries and the raven, their intolerant and persecuting opponents. Ho had i no very clear claim to what is called orthodoxy in regard to the Trinity, but his views have an evident affinity with those of the Quakers. As a Welsh writer he had, perhaps, not many superiors It seems that he succeeded Walter Caradoc, as preacher or minister, in the great church at Wrexham and was one of those nominated by Act of Parliament, in 1649, as triers of those who were to be allowed and employed as public preachers in Wales. Hnw Llwyd Cynfael was the author of the popular Welsh epitaph, which is so often met with in our graveyards 0 daethum yma i deithio byr-fyd, Heb orfod hir dario Ac ir ddear fraenar fro, O'r un natur 'r awn, eta."

CROSS PURPOSES. LADT If you will send the parcel at onse I shall be ever indebted to you. 'CUTE T DicavAp Iht gqr tmm woush-an delivery, madam.

I GOSSIPS' CORNER. 1 Harmless snakes sold in London as pets varj from Is 6d to 2, 6d. Holland now sends us annually over 143,000,00C pounds of margarine. In the United Kingdom 199,450 persons toolr. out gun licences last year. Several inches taller than his subjects, th< Emperor Mutsuhito of Japan has a commanding presence. The statement that the new Duke of Hamiltot is a confirmed and hopeless invalid is contra- dieted. It is said that Sir James Drummond, who war appointed to the office of Black Rod in 1883, will shortly retire. Mdme. Bernhardt has found herself compelled to get rid of her two pat gorillas, christened by he: Paul and Virginia. A London magistrate has expressed a wish that the City had power to prohibit bicycle riding within its boundaries. Miss Violet Mosfcyn, who is engaged to b( married to Sir Charles Rivers Wilson, is a perfeol mistress of the bicycle. The volume of essays by the late Walter Pater, announced some time ago, will be entitled Mi. cellaneous Studies." The Education of Antonio is the title of < one-volume novel by Miss F. E. Phillips which I Messrs MacmiJJan announce. The young Tzarina is making her influenoe felt in St. Petersburg. French has gone out of fashion, and English has come in. The only timber-built church in England is a( Greensted Park, near Ongar, The wooden towel and steeple date from 1613. During the courseof every year railway servant4 of this country, it is stated, gat no less that £300,000 in tips from the public. It is stated that Judy, which was started as t rival to Punch, some six-and-twenty years ago. will cease to appear after next week. Lord Rosebery, during his stay at Dunrobil Castle, has enjoyed several short cruises in th< Duke of Sutherland's yacht Catania. The centenary of Burns's death is to be mad< the occasion of an exhibition next year ab tht vrlasgow Institution of the Fina Arts. t- ?T i^ree-voh""p novel by Miss Braddon, T ll u *?°"S °f F're'" wi" be Published shortly by Messrs Simpkin and Marshall. The Tin King is the local name of MI Strauss, M.P. for Camborne, who ousted Mt Oonybsare. He is a great broker in metal. In addition to ins military distinction, Sir Evelyn Wood is a member of the Bar havini been called at the Middle Temple in 1874. It is stated that a stationmasters' societv is it the course of formation, their purpose being tc better their condition in regard to hours and wages. Mixed bathing is catching on in English watering-places. At Margate it is stated that the ladies only portion of the beach is almost deserted. The late Bishop of Worcester oould knit stockings, and the Bishop of Carlisle states that he can sew a buttou on better than any woman." A German naturalist finds that of 1,000 species of flowers 284 are white, 226 yellow, 220 red, 140 blue, 75 vIOlet, 35 green, 12 orange, 4 brown. and 2 black. The Athena urn states that Sir H. Irving has abandoned all intention reviving Co{iolanu8, and is now devoting his attention to "Juhut Caesar." Mrs Humphry Ward has been engaged upon her new novel, which is about to appear in semi form, for about two years. It IS said that the amount paid tor the work amounts to a "small fortune. The marble statue of the Queen which Mr F. J. Williamson is executing to the commission of 8.. hichard Temple, is now nearly completed, and will be despatched to Rangoon at the end of tbt present month. Lord and- Lady Bute and family are now at Mount Stuart, lhey have had as guests durinf, tne week Sir Jmnes King, .v-Lord Provost o Glasgow, and Sir William Jowis., I;is lordshipi agent at C:trd 1ft. Sir Walter B^sant's novels are likely to b( issued in a bandy new library edition by Messn Chatto. They have already arranged to publist in twelve volumes such au edition of the lies ant flice collaborated tales. Emily Soldeno, who was very popular in comif opera 20 years ago, is revisiting London. She hili quitted the stage, and is now a lad journalist it America. Emily was the first to bring "Carmen* in English to the provinces, with Durward Lel1 as Don Jose. 0 The Empress of Japan is so liberal in her almsgiving that, it is related, it it were not for the care of the Chancellor of the Exchequer, h private allowance would all be given in tint direction before the end ot the first week of thi first quarter. The production of Mr Pinero's new play, "The Benefit of the Doubt," has been delayed in collas quence of the lllhealth which has prevented hilt from completing the work, of which the revisec' copy has only been delivered in part at tbq theatre up to this date. A House of Lords return on religious instruc tion in Board schools has just been issued, and ii on sale to the public at 5s 2d a copy. It is said that in one way or another this bulky Blue Hoo which was moved for by Lord Colchester, liuseum, the country nearly £ 2,000. Bishop l/otter, of Nevy York, recently took up his residence in the slauis of thut city, and rinef then he lias had soma amusing and interesting experiences with the streot urchins that awartz around the Cathedral mission. According to thE New York World, one of these arabs recently approached the eminent divine and repectfullJ inquired "Say, Bishop, be you any relation to Mr Potter, of Texas ? In the country this summer the wasp has it pretty much its own way. The experience of the Marquis of Bute's people at Cumnoclc is the experience in all similar places. In tile house the insects drop in ab meals uninvited, and in the grounds they anticipate the owner in the oon- sumption of his fruit crop. Ono Qiagnifioent stretch of erooseberriea at the Marquis's plaoa had to be abandoned because it was dangerous to go near it, and the fruit was wholly given over fee the insects.

A SATURDAY SERMON. The best good in the world has always been done by personal service, and beyond all propor- tion poor men have been greater benefactors of the world than the wealthy. Run over the names of all the world's greatest benefactors, reformers, poots, artists, writers, philanthropist. -scarcely one among them all has been rich. Were the apostles rich ? What was the monetary value of St. Paul's cloak and parchments, whicfc were aU he had to lexve ? How much would anyone have given for the sheepskin coat of St. Anthony, or for the brown serge of St. Francis, the poor rosary of St. Vincent de Paul ? Wat not that saintly poverty one secret of Luther's power i Wesley only possessed two silver spoons. Would he have done more or as much if he had had ten thousand a year ? St. Edmund of Canterbury used so leave his money on the window-sill for those to take who would and, otten strewing it over with dust, he would ex- claim, Ashes to ashes, dusS to dust." Satis via- tica ad eotlurn—" Enough money to get to Heaven with," said the dying Archbishop Warham, when his steward told hun that he had but j330. Would j the world have thought as much of him if It", like so many worldly and vulgar-minded prelate*, had enriched his family out of the revenues of the Church ? I have no time to get rich." S \id with disdain, both Faraday and Aggassiz. The Charity of Giotto s picture gives corn and Sowers and receives from Heaven a human heart; but she tramples on bags of gold. Most of the great heroes of antiquity also were poor: More to mankind is one page of the Bedford tinker than l of Shfl Rothschilds fiSAK