The Cambrian News and Merionethshire Standard

BARMOUTH. SCHOOL BOARD ELECTION.—The triennial election took place on Wednesday, there being eight candidates for seven seats. There were two polling stations, at one Barmouth Board School and the other at Bontddu Board School. Polling took place from twelve to eight. Very little interest was taken in the contest. The ejection was fought on denominational lines, the Methodists and VVesleyans being the most active. Counting did not start until 9 30, the ballot box at Bontddu having to be brought to Barmouth. The number of persons who recorded their votes at Barmouth was 395 and Bontddu, 46. The result which was declared about quarter past ten was as follows :— Mr W. J. Morris, draper, (W), 541 Mr T. Martin Williams, grocer, (C.M.) 465 Mr Arthur Hughes, (Church), 413 Mr E. R. Jones, Post Office, (C.M), 404 the Rev J. C. Jones, Borth, (1), 361 Rev Z. Mather, (I), 312 Mis3 Blanche Atkinson, Tyny- ffynon, (Church), 342 Rev B, A. Evans, (B), 191. The first seven were declared elected.

Considerable interest has been caused at Rye by the.landing from the smack Lucy of a torpedo which she had dredged up while fishing about seven miles off Hastings. It is supposed that the torpedo had been used for drill purposes and had missed the target and was lost in the sea. It is one of the largest patterns, weighing 15cwt., and is 16ft. 6in. long and 17in. diameter. The naval authorities at Portsmouth have been communi- cated with, and, according to an intimation received at Rye this week, the torpedo will be removed to that naval station. It is now in charge of the coastguard.

^ETE^^EUADDFAWR FOXHOUNDS WILL MBET Monday, April 18th Neuadd, Llanarth 1C-30 Weather permitting.

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF WALES. OLD STUDENTS' ASSOCIATION. It has become a custom for old students of the University College of Wales to revisit their &iiiib-inater during Easter week of each year. Duriog the past few years the re-unions have been of a very pleasant nature and each year sees an increasing membership of the Old Students', Association into which the reunion has been organized. Among those present this year are Principal Roberts, vice-president Mrs J. Alan Murray, Mr D. C. Roberts, treasurer, Mr John Evans, solicitor, and Mr T. K. Briouse, hon. secretaries Dr Abraham Thomas, Aberystwyth Dr Moorman. Brynymor Mr W. P. Fuller, North- parade Mr Thomas Owens, Queen'a-square Mr George Davis, Queen's-road Mr T. W. Powell, Little Darkgate-strest Mr A. W. Parry, South- terrace Mr Holt, 16, New-street Mr W. Jack- son, Garstang, Lancashire Eveline Iredale, Leeds Llywelyn B. Jones, Huddersfield W. D. Robert Lewis, Dowlais Ivy L. Goodyear, Wake- field Horace E. Piggott, Warboys Martin Jones, Terrace; W. J. Wallis Jones, Car- diff T. Young, Trent College; R. E. Hughes, Cardiff; Harry W. Jones, Nottingham; Florence Davies, Ebbw Vale; Dai Rees, Llanelly; H. Sifton, Shepherd's Bush Rosa Davey, Southsea; G. M. Willis, Aysgarth, Yorks T. E. Ellis, Cyn- las Annie J. Davies, 20, North-parade J. H. Davies, Cwrtmawr; Walter Davies, St. Bartholo- mew's Hospital; Mary E. Davies, Chancery Lane Lily E. Davies, Cwrtmawr; R. A. Ashworth, Bury; A. Shaxby, Canterbury J. Morgan, Ebbw Vale; G. Ambrose Williams, Swansea; B. Spencer, Halifax; C. M. Hilditch, Crewe; M. Jones, Portland street; Edgar Jones and Mrs Jones, Llandilo; E. P. Jones, Upper Bangor; M. C. Evans, Barmouth A. M. Green, Llanbadarn- ro; A. L. Johnson, Leicester H. B. Jenkins, Cardiff; E. B. Ross, Southport; B. Smalt, Boston J. A. Jerman, Pembroke Dock W. Collins Lewis, Exeter; S. C. Williams, Sandhurst; C. W Pirkes, Bath Isabel Robson, Sheffield Edith M. Spencer, Brecon A. M. and S. B. Jackson, Torridge Amy S. Fage, Brixton Mary C. Butler, Peokham Rye G. Gwyn Jones, Aberayron; E. Crofc, Shipley R. E. Brooks, Middlesborough Lily Smith, Hast- ings Annie Fulford, Penybont, Radnor Bessie Abadi, London; Minnie E. Hill, Hornsey T. R. Dawes, Pembroke Dock M. Brebner, Aberdeen C. E. Spencer, Taunton E. Reynolds, Manches- ter G. S. Renwick, Stoke Newington; M. Firth, Shipley F. Henderson, Bristol F. P. Clark, Southampton j C. R. Chapple, Southampton; Wynne Evans, Rhos, Ruabon T. B. Davies, Tre- harris Ernest Jones, Pontypridd E. L. Faulkner, Liverpool; M. H. Ainscow, Bangor Eirene T. Lloyd, Blaenaa Festiniog; Gilbert H. Nott, Bristol. The first event of the reunion was a dance at the Lion Hotel on Saturday evening. On Monday a reception was given at the College by the officials of the Association and on Tuesday the members made an outing to Hafod and Devil's Bridge. On Wednesday morning the annual meeting was held at the College under the presidency of Mr T. E. Ellis, M.P. The meeting commenced by Mr BRIGHOUSE reading the minutes which, referring to the election of vice-presidents, said it had been decided that one vice-president at least should be a man." Addressing the meeting, the PRESIDENT said he was very much struck on the previous day in visiting the room which had been placed at the dis- posal of the Association to see a very tangible proof of the ubiquity of the Aberystwythians and of the zeal and energy and devotion to the College shown by the coming there from all parts of the kingdom of so many old Aberystwyth students. (Cheers.) He had taken a page at random from the book in which names were entered and found that students were present from Aberdeen, Lon- don, and Exeter, and, in fact, from all parts of England, Scotland, and Wales, and that fact seemed to him to be an eloquent and touching attribute to. the attraction which that old College had for its students; aud he was quite sure that as years rolled on not merely would the record of the College grow in importance, dignity, and scholar- ship, but their annual meeting would increase in number and show an increase in devotion and zeal for everything pertaining to the success and the progress of the College. (Cheers.) The Treasurer (Mr D. C. Roberts) then gave the financial position of the Association which showed that there were now ninety members as against eighty last year, including fourteen members at Oxford and twelve at Cambridge. There was a balance in hand of £ 5 53 9d which was an increase on that of last year. The Treasurer concluded by hoping for a large increase of membership, for there were now 1,600 old Aberystwyth students. The President, proceeding to the revision of the rules, humorously observed that it was a fruitful topic of irrelevant discussion. True to the Presi- dent's remark, the discussion was both irrelevant and humorous. A lengthy discussion occurred over the subject whether the qualifying subscription of half-a-crown should be paid during the annual meeting or at any reason- able time afterward." It was agreed to allow the payment to be made during the annual meeting, but not afterward. An amusing discussion also occurred over the qualifying payment for life mem- bership, an old student desiring that if one old student married another old student one fee should qualify both, "as it was desirable to encourage marriage between old students." The amendment was lost and the qualifying fee for life membership fixed at one guinea. Mr T. E. Ellis was re-elected president of the Association, and vice-presidents were appointed including Mr S. T. Evans, M.P., Mr Ellis Jones- Griffiths, M.P., Principal T. F. Roberts, and Dr Chattaway, professor of chemistry at St. Bartholomew's Hospital. Mr D. C. Roberts was re appointed treasurer, and Mr W. P. Fuller, of the County School, was appointed honorary secretary. A cordial vote of thanks was accorded Mr John I Evans, solicitor, for his long and faithful services as honorary secretary of the Association, on the motion of the PRESIDENT. A resolution was passed respectfully requesting the College Council in re- framing the statutes to provide for the representa tion of the Old Students' Association on the Court of Governors and the College Council. In the afternoon a football match was played between past and present students, and on Thurs- day a tennis match was played, the day concluding with a dance at the Pier Pavilion in conjunction with the guild of graduates. On Friday (to-day) a trip will be made to the Clettwr Valley and in the evening the members will sit down together at dinner at the Lion Hotel, the re-union ending on Saturday by a cricket match in the day and a dance in the evening. Yesterday morning a boatrace between past and present students was easily won by present students. The sea was calm and the weather flue and a large number of spectators watched the race from the Pier and Promenade.

GUILD OF GRADUATES. This year the Guild of Graduates of the University of Wales is held at Aberystwyth and on Wednesday evening the Vice-Chaucellor of the University (Principal T. F. Roberts of Aber- ystwyth) and Mrs Roberts received the members of the Guild in the fine Library of the Institution. Included amongst those who accepted invitations were the Rev J. Young-Evans, Irevecca; Profesaor and Mrs Morgan Lewis, Aberystwyth Mr S. J. Evans, Llangefni Miss Salt, Coventry Professor and Madame Borsdorf, Aberystwyth; Miss M Young, Hampstead Mr J. E. Lloyd, Baugor Professor Foster Watson. Dr Ethè. Professor and Mis Angus, Mr and Mrs T. H. Middleton, Aberystwyth the Rev R. J. Rees, Cardiff; Mr Charles Owen, Merthyr; Miss A. L. Johnson, Leicester Mr J. Marteine Jones Mr and Mra Darlington, Aberyst- wyth; Professor Snape, Aberystwyth Mr and Mrs G. Groyn Jones, Aberayron Dr Rees, Cardi- gan Miss Dobcll, Pontypool; the Rev E. P. Jones, Bangor; Profeiisor Anwyl, Mr J. H. Salter, Aberystwyth; Dr Evan Evans, Llanelly; Mr Randies, Normanton; Miss Fulford, Kerry, Mont.; Prof. and Mrs Davis, Aberystwyth Miss Rosa Davey, Southsea the Rev T. David, Narberth M-S3 A. M. Green, Sutton Coldfield Miss Robson, Brincliffe, Sheffield Miss Gilpin, Bideford Dr A. Thomas, Aberystwyth Mr R. E. Owen, Welsh- pool Mr Jas. D. Hodge, Glasgow; Mrs C. Williams, Sandhurst; Mr and Mrs Mortimer Gr.-en, Aberystwyth Miss Lloyd, Idris House, Aberystwyth Miss Lily Smith, Bowdon Mr F. Percival Clark, London; the Rev E. Penllya Jonts, Rhydyfelin Mr Marshall, Mr and Mrs Evan Evans, Dr Bassett Jones and Miss Jones, Aberystwyth; Miss Florence Davieri, Ebbw Vale; Mr Schott, Aberystwyth Miss G. M. Willis, Carperby; Mr Charles R. Chappel, Southampton Mr Wall, Aberystwyth Miss Emily J. Lloyd, Moseley; Mr Wm. J. Griffith, BJaeuau Festiniog; Mr H. E. Piggott, Shelton Miss B. SmaH, Bos- ton Mr D. R. Harries, Merthyr Tydvil; Mr Sully, Ystalfera; Miss M. Jcnes, Aberystwyth Miss M. Jenkins, Cardiff; Miss Morgan, The Larches Miss Brooks, Btrry; Miss Perrnan, Pembroke Dock; Miss Richardson, Penzance Dr A. G. Stephens, Swan- sea Misa Mary Holt, Aberystwyth Miss Berttia Spenser, London Mies Winifred Ellis, Cynlaa Mr J. R. Jones, Festiniog; Mr Thomas, St. David's Miss Bessi Abadi, West Kensington Miss Renrick, Stoke Newington; Miss Diana Thomas, Dolgelley; Miss Anne Davies, Aber- ystwyth Mr C. T. Gibbs, Rotherham Dr and Mrs Morgan, Aberystwyth Mr R. Jones Griffith, Dolgelley Misses Jackson, Torridge, Thornton Heath Mr R. H. Pinkerton, Cardiff; Mr and Mrs T. J. Samuel, Aberystwyth; Mr and Mrs R. E. Hughes, Cardiff; Miss Reynolds, Manchester; Mr Brighouse, Aberystwyth Mr T. J. Morgan, Brecon; Miss A. B. Stewart, Bury; Mr T. E. Ellis, M.P., House of Commons Mr Johnston and Miss Johnston, Miss Maria Jones, Mr D. C. Roberts, Mrs W. R. Hall, Mr and Mrs John Evans, Mrs Humpidge, Aberystwyth; Mr Henderson, Cranbrook Miss Sifton, London Mr J. Hugh Edwards, Aberystwyth; Mr H. H. Roseveare, Walford; Mr John Hatkins, Cambridge; Mr Denis H. Davies, Miss Morgan, Misses Williams (Abergeldi), Mr and Mrs J. Clark, Mr and Mrs T. Owen, Miss Nicklin, Mr and Mrs Arthur Hughes, Aberystwyth Miss N. C. Evans, Barmouth; Mr Salmon, Swansea; Mr and Mrs George Davis, Aberystwyth Miss Hill, Penzanc» the Rev D. E. Jenkins, Portmadoc Miss Butler, Peckham Rye E. P. Perman, Cardiff; Dr J. E. P. Davies, Llanelly; Mr J. R. Johnson, Mr M. W. Jackson, Southport; Mr and Mrs Chattaway, Miss Goodyear, Aberystwyth Miss Eirene Lloyd, Miss Clare Lewis,' Blaenau Festiniog; Mr Dewi Ellis, Aberystwyth; Dr Mcorman, Leeds; Mr J. Morgan, Ebbw Vale; Mr A. W. Parry, Aberystwyth Mr H. Holman, Woodford Green Miss Croft, Mr and Miss Fryer, Mr G. W. M. Boycott, Aberystwyth Mr W. Collins Lewis, Johnston Miss Edith Faulkner, Liverpool Processor and Mrs Herford, Mr D. R. Bower, Aberystwyth Miss Ross, Southport Mr David Hughes, R A.M Mr James Williams, Abergavenny. At half-past eight the company adjourned to the Examination Hall when a programme of music and song was gone through as follows :—Harp solo, Llwyn On," Mr J. Williams (prize medallist of the Royal National Eisteddfod); song, "Llances y Dy ffr yn," Miss Lilian Morgan song, Revenge," Mr David Hughes, R.A.M glee party, "Y Fwyalchen and Y Deryn Pur," conductor, Mr D. Jenkins, Mus. Bac. (Cantab) harp solo, Clychau Aberdyfi," Mr James Williams song, Cwm Llewelyn, Mr David Hughes harp solo, Gwenith Gwyn," Mr James Williams song, Hybrias the Cretan," Mr David Hughes and glee party, Morfa Rhuddlan and Rhyfel- gyrch Gwyr Harlech." Refreshments of a recherche description were provided in the Central Hall. On Thursday (yesterday) morning, the fourth annual collegiate meeting of the Guild was held in the Chemical Lecture-room of the College under the presidency of Mr T. E. Ellis, M.F., who was [supported by Principal Roberts and Mr D. E. Jones, clerk to the Guild, when a paper was read by Mr R. E. Hughes, M.A., B.Sc., H.M.I., on Scientific and Technical Education in Wales." Mr HUGHES, in his paper, dealing with the his- tory of education in Wales, said the Welsh renaissance of the latter part of the nineteenth century was often looked upon as an incident in the national lite and not as the culmination of previous evolution or a realized idtal, due to not taking in the general view of European evolution of morals and educational ideas during the nine- teenth century. The mental liberation of Europe, begun at the end of the last century, was now completing itself and Wales, so long Isolated by political and physical barriers from the great mental movements of Europe, would once more take her rightful place in the comity of nations which had been retarded for so long. Mediaeval Wales, one of the richest of European nations in intellectual productions, was as far above contemporary European thought as her neighbours in these islands were below. In poetry, her singers were the excellence, and most of all what was best in subsequent English literature had its inspiration from the pure Cymric spring. But what of the exact sciences ? As far as he knew, Wales had produced no man who had enjoyed a great reputation outside his native hills. He was not. prepared to deny that some great English savants might have had Welsh blood in their veins, such as Boyd Dawkios, Sir John Evans, Mackenny Hughes, and many others, but those only proved his statements. That dearth was the more remarkable as the allied Celtic nations had not been deficient in men of the finest order of genius in the sciences, and the French were among the most brilliant of scientific students. It was sometimes asserted that the Celtic temperament was too poetical, too imauinative, to be capable of producing a Darwin or Newton, but that could equally be true of Scotland, Ireland, or France. John Tyndall and Hugh Miller had exemplified in their lives and writings all the above-mentioned characteristics of the Celtic tem- perament. That twaddle about temperament and national types was absurd, and he thought the argument about the impossibility of sampling national types was quite correct. The nation that had done what Wales had done during the last ten years was a virile, energetic, pushing, and ambitious nation, one that was looking to the future, not declaiming on the past, are not much concerned with lyrics, but intensely interested in the development of its natural resources. He at- tributed the dearth of great scientific men to their past political history up to the death of Llewelyn, ein Llew olaf. Wales had a close and intimate con- nection with France. The movements affecting France and Brittany affected Wales also, but with the absorption of Wales in the thirteenth century a sleep of despair seized her. But out of that sleep of centuries a new birth arose and Wales to-day, though the oldest of the four nations, was yet the youngest. That energy found its natural outlet in a desire for better mental weapons and the first clear sign of the new role Wales intended playing wxs the founding by Sir Hugh Owen and others in 1872 of that institution in which they now were. Proceeding to give a comparison between Wales of 1887 and Wales of 1897. Mr Hughes stated that in 1887 Wales and Monmouthshire possessed twenty- seven endowed secondary schools with an annual endowment of £12,800. The schoob were for boys only and were attended by 1,540 scholars, less than 500 of whom were learning some rudiments of natural science and none receiving any trade or technical education. There were 150 private secondary schools educating 2,290 boys and 1,807 girls. Cardiff, Merthyr, and other large towns had no endowments for secondary education. Merioneth, with a population of 54,790, had 40 boys only receiving secondary educa- tion. In 1897, on the other haud, thtre were in Wales 95 public schools, of which 69 were founded under the Welsh Act. Of that num- ber 86 were county schools, 19 for boys only, 19 for girls only, 42 dual and 6 mixed, so that girls now got equal justice with boys. Those schools were attended by 7,000 boys and girls all of whom were receiving complete and thorough education. Of the old endowed schools in Wales, 9 were required to teach some branch of science or technique, but the work was either not done or done in a hap-hazard and irregular fashion. There was neither in North and South Wales an efficient chemical or physical laboratory excepting at the universityj colleges nor was^there experimental science taught. Science was taught at Brecon and Llandovery, but the fact that the science scholar- ships were awarded at Jesus Colleges, without, he believed, any practical test whatever, indicated how rudimentary the instruction in prac- tical science was. How different all wa9 to day. The colleges were so equipped as to challent>« mm! parison with the very best institutions in England In Wales there were nearly 100 public schools where science was a necessary feature of the curriculum. About 60 per cent. of the schools were housed in substantial and up-to-date prem- ises, possessing laboratories where practical science could be taught and where also the techni cal applications of science suitable to the locabty would be taken. Wales had had her share in the winning of many victories such as Agincourt, Crecy, and Bosworth, but the greatest of her vic- tories was with a population of barely one and a half millions, she should have raised in five years so magnificient a system of public buildings. To-day about £92,000 per annum were spent on in- termediate education in Wales. After giving in- stances of the work done in intermediate schools of Y\ ale?, Mr Hughes asked if cientitic and technical education was in as flourishing a condition as at firet sight it appeared to be. Quoting figures, Mr Hughes said the greatest number of papers were worked in what are generally termed elementary school subjects and hoped that did not mean that county schools were at present only higher ele- mentary schools. Out of a total of 5n Sfil nu "a -I&' t'Utp..La worked, 4,926 only were on science or technical subjects, which was not one in ten. Out of the eighty schools in agricultufal and min- ing in Wales only four taught agricul- ture and one only taught mining. In practical science matters were still worse, for only six schools professed to teach practical chemistry. Four professed to teach practical physics and three only manual instruction. There was no doubt from the examiner's remarks that science was not taught as generally or efficiently as it should be. In his opinion it was much better for the nineteen schools taking Greek to give up looking for Greek roots and to go in for real ones. (Laughter.) Was there any connection between that neglect of science aod the fact that not five per cent of the head teachers were science graduates. The examiners pointed out that the methods of teaching were often most at fault. Thoroughness should never be sacrificed for area. The pupil should be taught nothing except how to use his hands, how to observe accurately, and how to deduce rational conclusions. In short, science teaching should be a series of organized object lessons. Teaching should be entirely practical aud the laboratory the only lecture-room required. That was not difficult if the examiner coald be kept out and the inspector only allowed to enter for examination was no test of thorough teaching. For the sake of Wales, do not let them drift back to the dark days of the examina- tion fiend. He was absolutely convinced that ex- aminations were utterly pernicious and wrong, ruinous to the morals or examiner and examinee and in science unreliable as the criterion of the quality of the teaching. The weakest point in Welsh educational armour, Mr Hughes continued, was the absence of first-class technical schools. Concluding, Mr Hughes looked with confidence to the future seeing what had been done in the past ten years. He looked forward to seeing Wales enjoy her heritage in the Imperial domain. By education, by strenu- ous endeavour, by constant mental training, he hoped to see Wales fill a large place in the annals of the empire aud to see her SODS and daughters equipped with the finest mental weapons, taking a full share of Im- perial responsibility and power. Welsh people were no longer content to be cribbed, cabined, and confined by their mountains and valleys. They saw that the future was for the highest educated and best trained nation. Physical had given place to commercial rivalry. It was not to the nation with the longest arm, but to the nation with the longest head would the advantage be-to the nation who appreciated and promoted scientific and technical training. Wales was now at the parting of the ways. Would she be content to follow in the footsteps of English grammar schools, dabbling in Latin verse and Greek roots, or would she not rather take her place side by side with the German, French, and American in discarding the bones of byegone civili- zations and taking their stand in the front rank of the world's scientific army. (Cheers.) The PRESIDENT (Mr T. E. Ellis) said he should like to join with Mr Hughes in a final condemna- tion of the popular idea that the Welsh people were unpractical and enthusiastic and hopelessly incap- able of organising themselves. He hoped that old idea of the Welsh people could be laid aside, and he was glad that Mr Hughes in a few seatences die posed of it as far as the Court of Graduates was concerned. His (Mr Ellis's) complaint of the Welsh people was that they were far too practical in many respects and that it took a long time to move large masses of the Welsh people t) anything like enthusiasm and to ideals. If anything, tht-y were in danger, not of getting too enthusiastic or too fervid or too deal. but of getting too practical and too completely Teutonised even in the most Celtic paits of Wales. (Hear, hear.) Mr Hughes illustrated one difficulty in the intermediate system of Wales. The pro- gress of Wales during the pa.st few years in organizing its edue-ttioual system was so great and so rapid that every official report soon got out of date. Take for instance, tne question of temporary schools or the number of ctiemical and physical laboratories in Walts. Every day put the figures out of date and made them a sort of anachronism, and he ventured to say that in the course of the next five years there would not be more than about ten, or even less, in the whole of Wales without a fairly complete chemical laboratory and that a very large number of rchcols would also have a physical laboratory for the practical work of science. In regard to the financial provision for intermediate education, Air Hughes stated that the total sum available for intermediate education in Wales was 992,000. He might also have made a rough calculation of the amount anrnt. nn<.n -c- -L"" building. Mr HUGHES said it was £ 170,000. The PRESIDENT believed that at the end of the preseut year the figures would be nearer a quarter of a million spent upon actual buildings in Wales and Monmouthshire. That would not include some of the larger school, such as the boys school at Cardiff upon which a vast sum of money would have to be spent. With regard to the £92,000 devoted to the annual maintenance of intermediate education, which as it was was far larger than was anticipated a few years ago, was alreaoy wholly in- sufficient for the purpose and very soon, the s: oner the better, Wales would have to srart a movelmnt to increase the halfpenny rate and the halfpenny exchequer contribution to meet it, to a penny rate and an equal sum from the Treasury, in order to get the schools thoroughly well established. (Cheers.) Tnere was nothing providential in the grant of a halfpenny rate, for that sum as the lowest possible and very many people in Parlia- ment, and, he was bound to admit, many of his own colleagues in the representation of Wiles were very fearful that Wales would not adopt the half- penny rate. Instead of that every county in Wales bad not only adopted the halfpenny rate, but the majority had levied a technical rate. thear: hear.) The haltpenny rate produced about X19,000 in Wales, to which the Treasury added another 1:1,900 or £ 20,000. It a penny instead of a half- penny rate was levied aud the Treasury made a corresponding contribution, Wales would have uearly £40,000 for the purpose of intermediate education. (Cheers.) While he was very willing to accept everything by way of criticism of science teaching in intermediate schools, lie should like to modify somewhat Mr Hughe3's survey. He said there was only one iritermeJiate tchocl taking mining, only lour taking agriculture, and com- paratively few taking practical chemistry and prac- tical physics. He (Mr Ellis) thought that was in- cidental to the present condition of intermediate schools in Wales. For some years they would have to cope with two great difficulties. The first diffi- culty was that a large number of children come from primary schools quite unacquainted with science teaching and with many intermediate and stconoary subjects..Sec- ondly, intermediate schools had to cope with the whole subject of the organization of the schools themselves. He had no doubt that when those difficulties were surmounted "there would be more general teaching of scientific subjects. (Hear, hear.) There was another modification he should like to suggest. It was true that only one inter- mediate school taught mining. But then, it should be remembered that mining was distinctly a very special subject aud at any rate South Wales had taken a very forward step in coping with that difficulty by the County Council concerned com- missioning the South Wales colleges to do the higher technical training. There was also good work being done at Swansea. He looked for- ward to the time w hen in addition to the splendid work being d me in the College a splendid school such as existed in Manchester, Bradford, and Leeds and some of the West Ridmg towns of Yorkshire would be established at Car- diff. With regard to the question of agriculture, Bangor and Aberystwyth were doing admirable work and were taking up the threads of scientific teaching in agriculture. (Applause.) Dr BHOUGH said that Mr Hughes had stated that only five per cent. of the headmasters of Wales were scientific men. In the present state of scientific education, however, it was a question whether that was not 4 per cent. too many. The University, Dr Brough pointed out, placed no necessity upon the schools for the teaching of science. He thought every boy ought to learn ex- perimental science. A provision having that re- sult was inserted in the University examination scheme, but was struck out by the Senate and the sabjeet was made optional. He hoped in future that would be reversed so that Welshmen would be better fitted for the great struggle which was before them. Miss DOBELL did not agree with Mr Hughes in saying that mathematics was unsuitable for girls. Training in practical physics was a very excellent one, and was equally excellent for girls as well as for boys. She found a great tendency among men to over-estimate the value of such subjects as e. cooking, laundry work, dressmaking, and domestic economy. She did not wish of course to remove them from the curriculum of schools. They had their value, but their value was not so much educational as practical. For instance domestic economy which held a very important place was not science. It was not science, it was not education, it was not chemistry, it was a little more than nothing. Cookery, useful as it might be if it ouly gave girls an intelligent knowledge of the means of preparing food, was in itself of very little educational value. Unless cooking was taught from a scientific point it would have very little value in education and should not therefore have a place in the time table of the intermediate schools. She did not want boys to be treated differently to girls. A girl's mind after all was very much like a boy's mind, and what was wanted was to train both boys and girls to be capable citizens, so that what- ever work they took up they would do it with intelligence. Mr DAWES, Pembroke Dock, thought that if the schuols were properly equipped the teaching of science would be a very good thing, and would be more general. At the present time he feared that it was not of great value. Mr AINSWORTH DAVIS was in favour of compul- sory science in matriculation examinations. He also stated that it would have been made a com- pulsory subject were it not for the email section of ministerial students. Referring to. botany, he ob- served that he had been an examiner since 1894, and found that very good work was being done. Mr R. J. REEs believed that scientific training would be beneficial even kto ministerial students, and quoted Dr Stevens as suggesting the establish- ment of a chair of hygiene and physiology at Tre- fecca College with a view to making ministers more healthy and longer lived. He proposed a vote of thanks to Mr Hughes for his able piper. Mr S. J. EVANS, Llangefni, seconded the pro- position. Dr LLOYP SNAPE, supporting the proposition, said the reason why a larger number cf schools in Wales had not taken up tcientifio teaching was that chemistry and physics with botany were ex- tremely expensive items in school management. He concurred with Mr Dawes in thinking it much better not to attempt the work unless it could be done with efficient apparatus. There was also a danger of schools trying to teach too many subjret*. At pre- sent, he feared, each additional subject meant that the subjects previously taught would he lets efficiently taught. The schools had comparatively f-mall funds and until the funds were larger—and he was delighted to hear there was a probability of that-he questioned the wisdom of adding subjects to the curriculum, especially these which required expensive plant. (Hear.) Mr Hughes had attempted no distinction between scientific and technical education. He (Dr Lloyd Snapp) was inclined to think it better to omit technical education from the curriculum. The example of Germany had been quoted, but in Germany they did not try to mix the classical school with the commercial school and the technical school. They had a dis- tinct institution for each subject. (Cheers.) It was true that would be difficult to do in the small towns of Walts, but the difficulty might be got over by a few large polytechnics. (Applause.) The proposition having been carried, Mr HUGHES acknowledged it and the meeting ended.

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